Business Application Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Application - Assignment Example IT is fundamental in human resource management, firms’ infrastructures, marketing, procurement, technology development, etc. As mining and manufacturing companies extend their operations to the global arena, they have to change operational strategies in order to gain efficiency and competitiveness in the global market. Expansion of operations leads to increase in complexity of operations that pose challenges of managing efficiency of operations.3 Mining industry has unique characteristics distinct from other industries because they are process industries and requires intensive capital investments with heavy plants and equipment.4 Since they are focused on profitability and efficiency, the focus of ERP is to reduce production cost and increase efficiency through maintenance management and effective utilization of production capacity.5 There is a need to avoid idle time by ensuring accurate scheduling and avoidance of the unpredicted breakdown, which can be achieved through scheduling of preventive and predictive maintenance task. The source of raw materials (ore) for the mining industry is obtained internally (from the mine) and involves a lot of uncertainty and an approximation error that are only determined during the production process.6 Furthermore, unlike the manufacturing function mining industry produce for stocking, not for orders. Therefore, the mining and manufacturing companies require the use of ERP for informed decision-making in areas of operation, accounting, human resource, supply chain, marketing, customer, etc. The use of ERP in a mining and manufacturing company helps the organization to integrate information to achieve real time accessibility of information across units and processes using the data created by the company’s technical and operational systems software. Integration of scheduling, material management, production and distribution are the fundamentals of profitability in the mining and

The Introduction Of Asean Politics Essay

The Introduction Of Asean Politics Essay The Association of Southeast Asian Nations or ASEAN was established on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok by the five original Member Countries, namely, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. Brunei Darussalam joined on 8 January 1984, Vietnam on 28 July 1995, Lao PDR and Myanmar on 23 July 1997, and Cambodia on 30 April 1999. The institutions and processes in ASEAN have evolved gradually, building upon member countries great diversity in size, levels of development, natural and human resources, histories, cultures, values and traditions, languages, religions, races, economic and social institutions, and political systems. Taking into account this diversity, ASEAN cooperates voluntarily and on a consensus basis for the common good, with peace and economic, social and cultural development as its primary purposes. This is reflected in the ASEAN Declaration of 8 August 1967: The Association of Southeast Asian Nations represents the collective will of the nations of Southeast Asia to bind themselves together in friendship and cooperation and, through joint efforts and sacrifices, secure for their peoples and for posterity the blessings of peace, freedom and prosperity. It was a short, simply-worded document containing just five articles. It declared the establishment of an Association for Regional Cooperation among the Countries of Southeast Asia to be known as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and spelled out the aims and purposes of that Association. These aims and purposes were about cooperation in the economic, social, cultural, technical, educational and other fields, and in the promotion of regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the rule of law and adherence to the principles of the United Nations Charter. It stipulated that the Association would be open for participation by all States in the Southeast Asian region subscribing to its aims, principles and purposes. It proclaimed ASEAN as representing the collective will of the nations of Southeast Asia to bind themselves together in friendship and cooperation and, through joint efforts and sacrifices, secure for their peoples and for posterity the blessings of peace, freedom and prosperity. ASEAN continues to be a dynamic region despite the economic setbacks caused by the financial crisis of 1997-1998. As ASEAN faces the challenge of achieving sustainable development in the context of todays increasingly globalized world, it has recognized the need for greater integration and cooperation among member countries. No longer does ASEAN separate financial from commercial and investment concerns, nor the environment and social concerns or science and technology from the demands of economic growth. http://www.asean.org/asean/about-asean/history http://www.asean-community.au.edu/images/asean-map1-1.jpg Picture from AU ASEAN Community, http://www.asean-community.au.edu/ In 2006, the ASEAN region had a population of about 560 million, a combined gross domestic product of almost US$ 1,100 billion, and a total trade of about US$ 1,400 billion. The diversity of the region is apparent in the fact that the largest country in terms of land area is 2700 times larger than the smallest country; the country with the largest population has 580 times more people than the smallest country; and the richest country has a GDP per capita that is 145 times the poorest country. AIMS AND PURPOSES As set out in the ASEAN Declaration, the aims and purposes of ASEAN are: To accelerate the economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region through joint endeavours in the spirit of equality and partnership in order to strengthen the foundation for a prosperous and peaceful community of Southeast Asian Nations; To promote regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the rule of law in the relationship among countries of the region and adherence to the principles of the United Nations Charter; To promote active collaboration and mutual assistance on matters of common interest in the economic, social, cultural, technical, scientific and administrative fields; To provide assistance to each other in the form of training and research facilities in the educational, professional, technical and administrative spheres; To collaborate more effectively for the greater utilisation of their agriculture and industries, the expansion of their trade, including the study of the problems of international commodity trade, the improvement of their transportation and communications facilities and the raising of the living standards of their peoples; To promote Southeast Asian studies; and To maintain close and beneficial cooperation with existing international and regional organisations with similar aims and purposes, and explore all avenues for even closer cooperation among themselves. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES In their relations with one another, the ASEAN Member States have adopted the following fundamental principles, as contained in the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia (TAC) of 1976: Mutual respect for the independence, sovereignty, equality, territorial integrity, and national identity of all nations; The right of every State to lead its national existence free from external interference, subversion or coercion; Non-interference in the internal affairs of one another; Settlement of differences or disputes by peaceful manner; Renunciation of the threat or use of force; and Effective cooperation among themselves. http://www.aseansec.org/about_ASEAN.html ASEAN And Sustainable Development Facing the challenges of achieving sustainable development in the context of todays increasing globalized world, the ASEAN has recognized the need for greater integration and cooperation among member countries. ASEAN no longer separates financial from commercial and investment concerns, nor the environment and social concerns or science and technology with the demands of economic growth. In 1997, the Heads of State and Government of ASEAN reaffirmed their commitments to the aims and purposes of the Association through ASEAN Vision 2020, which reflects the desire of ASEAN to pursue a more sustainable path to development as: a clean and green ASEAN with fully established mechanisms for sustainable development to ensure the protection of the regions environment, the sustainability of its natural resources and the high quality of life of its people This vision will be achieved through a series of action plans, which will set strategies and specific activities with measurable targets, outputs, means of implementation and mid-term review mechanisms. The first of such action plans is the Hanoi Plan of Action (HPA) for 1999-2004, adopted during the ASEAN Summit in 1998. The Hanoi Plan of Action (1999-2004) aims to achieve the following objectives: 1. Strengthen macroeconomic and financial cooperation 2. Enhance greater economic and integration 3. Promote science and technology development and develop information technology infrastructure 4. Promote social development and address the social impact of the financial and economic crisis 5. Promote human resource development 6. Protect the environment and promote sustainable development 7. Strengthen regional peace and security 8. Enhance ASEANs role as an effective force for peace, justice and moderation in Asia-Pacific and in the world 9. Promote ASEAN awareness and its standing in the international community 10. Improve ASEANs structures and mechanisms ASEAN Vision 2020 forms the sustainable development framework for the ASEAN member countries to collectively pursue ASEANs goals, as set forth in the Vision, by the year 2020. The ASEAN Summit in adopting this Vision decided that the goals of Vision 2020 will be achieved through a series of medium-term action plans, which will set strategies and specific activities with measurable targets and outputs, including means of implementation and mid-term review mechanisms. The first of such action plans, known as the Hanoi Plan of Action (HPA) for the years 1999 to 2004, was adopted by the ASEAN Summit in 1998. ASEAN shares and believes in the global vision for sustainable development and has the commitment and political will for integrating environmental considerations into development planning. ASEAN Vision 2020 and the HPA reflect ASEANs responsive integrated policy framework, which weaves together demographic dynamics, social development, economic growth, natural resource use and enviro nmental protection, and other development initiatives. ASEAN considers its Vision 2020 and the series of medium-term action plans, starting with the Hanoi Plan of Action, as part and parcel of the global effort to plan and implement national and regional sustainable development activities in the Southeast Asian region. It draws heavily upon, and ensures complementarity and synergy with, the Rio Resolutions, Agenda 21 and the various multilateral instruments agreed upon. ASEAN believes that in setting the future sustainable development framework, WSSD should draw upon the lessons, experiences, institutional settings, mechanisms, realities and dynamics of regional inter-governmental frameworks. This report offers that for the Southeast Asian region. It is within this framework that the report highlights ASEANs challenges in realizing sustainable development, its efforts in addressing these challenges and its future commitments towards a sustainable Southeast Asia that is able to meet the needs of the present without compromising the abilit y of future generations to meet their own needs (World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987). ASEAN Initiatives on Sustainable Development Economic Development Sustained economic growth is key to sustainable development. It provides the means for nations and people to uplift their living standards and have a decent and healthy lifestyle, with adequate housing and education. More importantly, it allows measures to be taken to promote the conservation of natural resources and protection of the environment, which in turn fuels economic growth and sustains life. Since Rio 1992, ASEAN has experienced rapid economic growth through industrialization and export-led growth. This enabled ASEAN to move away from resource-based industries to manufacturing and service industries. Since rural communities were able to find jobs in these sectors, this eased the pressure on natural resources and member countries were able to devote more resources to environmental protection. The financial crisis of 1997-1998 set back all that. Poverty and social unrest increased. Member countries inevitably increased the exploitation of their natural resources to sustain their level of income. Despite the setbacks and turmoil brought about by the financial crisis, the ASEAN is committed more than ever to pursue economic liberalization, promote trade and investment regimes that are increasingly integrated in ASEAN, and open to the rest of the world. Measures undertaken by ASEAN in this direction include the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), the ASEAN Investment Area (AIA) and the ASEAN Industrial Cooperation (AICO) Scheme. ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) The 1992 AFTA agreement required the elimination of tariff barriers among the ASEAN member countries with a view to integrating the ASEAN economy into a single production base and creating a regional market of 500 million people. By lowering tariff rates, ASEAN hopes to enhance economic competitiveness and promote cross-border trade and investment in the region.Partly as a result of the implementation of the Agreement on the Common Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT) Scheme for the AFTA, trade between ASEAN countries has grown from $44.2 billion in 1993 to $95.2 billion in 2000, representing an average annual increase of 11.6%. One of the desired outcomes of AFTA is the rationalization of industrial production in the region, which is expected to allow for product specialization and thus avoid duplication of expensive production facilities. AFTA was substantially realised in January 2002 with six original member countries cutting their tariff barrier on almost all manufactured and ag ricultural products between zero and five per cent. ASEANs Integrated Infrastructure Network Economic integration requires good infrastructure facilities in the region such as regional networks of highways, railways, telecommunications, power grids and water and gas pipelines. ASEAN Vision 2020 calls for the establishment of interconnecting arrangements in the field of energy and utilities for electricity, natural gas and water within ASEAN through the ASEAN Power Grid and a Trans-ASEAN Gas Pipeline and Water Pipeline and the promotion of cooperation in energy efficiency and conservation, as well as the development of new and renewable energy resources. 1. Social Development ASEAN recognizes that sustainable development is not only about generating wealth but also ensuring its equitable distribution. A decent quality of life for its people requires a high quality environment. The activities of the poor are not the main causes of environmental degradation and yet they are the most affected by it in terms of quality of life and health. A number of factors, including declining productivity, pollution, erosion, natural calamities (such as floods and droughts), depressed commodity prices and the influx of cheap imports, impose formidable challenges to their livelihood. These challenges lead them to exploit natural resources unsustainably. As a result, it has been necessary for the ASEAN to address two key social development issues, poverty and health and their interrelationships with the environment. Poverty Although poverty levels in the ASEAN have been declining, poverty levels in some of the newer member countries are still considerably high. To address poverty issues, ASEAN Vision 2020 hopes for an ASEAN where hunger, malnutrition, deprivation and poverty are no longer basic problems. A number of measures under the Hanoi Plan of Action are meant to see this vision through, including the Plan of Action on ASEAN Rural Development and Poverty and the ASEAN Plan of Action on Social Safety Nets. The Framework Plan of Action on Rural Development and Poverty Eradication was adopted in 1997 and defined the following key actions: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ building and/or enhancing capacities for research, assessment and monitoring of poverty in ASEAN countries; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ training of facilitators on rural development and poverty eradication; and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ developing a campaign for enhancing national and regional public awareness on rural develop ment and poverty eradication. The social impacts of the financial crisis were then addressed by the 1998 ASEAN Action Plan on Social Safety Nets. Priorities in the action plan include: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ targeting and rapid impact assessment methodologies for social programs; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ service delivery and related operational issues; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ role of central and local governments in social safety nets; and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ partnerships in social policy. 2. Sustainable Management of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection ASEANs environment and natural resource endowments are unique and diverse. Forest cover in ASEAN is over 48%, compared to the world average of below 30%. Three of the 17 mega biodiversity countries are in ASEAN. Terrestrial protected areas in the region number 1,014 sites, protecting 418, 000 km2. The regions aquatic and marine ecosystems are highly productive and species rich. Half a billion people in ASEAN depend on these resources for their livelihood, causing increasing stress on the natural environment. A number of factors have led to natural resource degradation, such as rapid population rise, conversion of forested and ecologically-sensitive areas for agricultural purposes, poverty and damage caused by forest fires and natural disasters. ASEAN member countries are actively engaged in addressing global environmental issues. Almost all member countries are parties to the relevant major multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs). Burdened with the onerous obligations of these MEAs without the promised substantial financial and technical support to implement them, ASEAN is taking a lead in promoting synergy and coordination among these MEAs to overcome institutional and human resources constraints, and at the same time to ensure a holistic and synergistic approach to the issues. Forest Ecosystems and Biological Diversity The ASEAN region has a total land area of 4.4 million sq km, most of which were once covered with forests. In the mid-1990s, regional land use patterns were detailed as: Forest cover and deforestation vary widely across the region. From 1970 to 1990, ASEAN lost 31.4 million hectares of forest, a rate of about 15,700 km2 per year. Deforestation increased by 1990 to 2000, with annual loss estimated at 23,260 km2 a year. Forest certification has been employed to encourage sustainable forest management by promoting trade in forest products from sustainably managed forests. The ASEAN Ministers of Agriculture and Forestry (AMAF) endorsed the Framework for ASEAN Regional Criteria and Indicators (CI) for Sustainable Management of Natural Tropical Forests in October 2000. The regional CI is a guide to developing nation-specific criteria, indicators and standards, which could be used to assess sustainable forest management practices or for timber certification. 3. ASEANs Governance and Cooperative Mechanism ASEANs governance mechanism, which has evolved gradually over the years, is now very much institutionalized and cover major sectors such as political, security, economic, social, environment and other functional areas. The highest decision-making body of ASEAN is the Meeting of the Heads of State and Government or ASEAN Summit held every year. The Annual Meeting of Foreign Ministers, better known as the ASEAN Ministerial Meeting (AMM) is responsible for the formulation of policy guidelines. The AMM is supported by the ASEAN Standing Committee (ASC) and the Senior Officials Meeting (SOM), while the ASEAN Economic Ministers (AEM) is supported by the Senior Economic Officials Meeting (SEOM) and several working groups. Overall coordination at the national level in each of the ASEAN member countries is undertaken by a dedicated ASEAN department in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 4. ASEAN Environmental Management Framework ASEAN cooperation on the environment started in 1978 with the establishment of an ASEAN Experts Group on the Environment (AEGE), which has since been elevated as the ASEAN Senior Officials on the Environment (ASOEN). The ASOEN is composed of the heads of environmental ministries/departments/agencies that are responsible for environmental matters in their respective countries. The cooperative programmes and projects of ASOEN are guided by the ASEAN Strategic Plan of Action on the Environment (SPAE)1999-2004. The ASOEN reports to the ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on the Environment (AMME), which is primarily responsible for policy matters related to the environment. At the national level on the other hand, ASEAN member countries have designated specific institutions to implement Agenda 21. Pro- Arguments 1. ASEAN serves as a regional-cooperation organization between the country members. 1.1 ASEAN has a well-established governance structure for the Southeast Asian region to effectively develop, coordinate and implement regional programs. 1.2 ASEAN also provides the forum to facilitate the development and implementation of integrated regional sustainable development policies, strategies and action plans consistent with the global framework and the needs of member countries. 2. ASEAN has the ability to advance its sustainable development goals and ambitions. 2.1 ASEAN emphasized that existing frameworks for regional inter-governmental governance such as ASEAN should be fully utilized as part of the international governance structure to promote coordinated sustainable development initiatives for that region. 2.2 ASEAN also called upon the Global Environment Facility to enhance its effectiveness by improving its operational procedures and be more responsive to the identified needs of developing countries; and accord priority to regional policies developed within the ASEAN institutional framework. 3. ASEAN has been successful in coordinating its member countries to plan a sustainable development framework in its agenda. 3.1 ASEAN called for declarations and commitments such as those contained in the Rio Declaration, Agenda 21, Millenium Declaration and the Monterrey Consensus on Financing for Development to be implemented expeditiously. 3.2 ASEAN called for developed countries to fulfill their commitments in financial assistance, technology transfer and capacity building in line with the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities. 3.3 ASEAN also provides the forum to facilitate the development and implementation of integrated regional sustainable development policies, strategies and action plans consistent with the global framework and the needs of member countries. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ ASEAN called for the further enhancement of the international economic and trading systems to complement the ASEANs efforts to open trade and investment in the region, in particular, to improve market access for developing countries exports, eliminate trade-distorting subsidies and barriers to trade for agricultural products, and provides special and differential treatment to developing countries. ASEAN expressed its opposition to the use of environmental measures for protectionist purposes. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ ASEAN also called for the strengthening of the international financial architecture, which includes a review of the roles of the international financial institutions as well as international regulatory bodies in order to enhance their capacity to contain and resolve financial crises. Priority should be accorded to measures to protect the poor and most vulnerable segments of society. ASEAN also welcomed efforts to deal comprehensively and effectively with the debt problems of developing countries and to make the management of debt sustainable in the long term.

Alligator Essay -- essays research papers

The American Alligator is an amazing reptile, having survived almost unchanged since the time of the dinosaurs. Having been hunted almost for extinction, this reptile has made an amazing comeback in recent years. Inhabiting almost every body of water in Florida. American alligator are not considered endangered species, but these harsh looking creatures are threatened. There are two kinds of species of alligators. There is the American alligator and the Chinese alligator. Many people have a hard time telling the difference between alligators and crocodiles. Alligators are related in the same family as the crocodile, but these two animals are very different. An alligator’s upper jaw overlaps the lower jaw. Alligators have a broad snout while crocodile have a very narrow snout. Alligators have much less aggressive and energetic than the crocodiles. Alligators live in tropical climates and crocodiles live in somewhat colder climates. Their kingdom is Animalia. Their Phylum is Chordata. They come from the class Reptilia. Their order is Crocodylia. Their family is Alligatoridae. Their genus is Alligator and their species is alligator messissipiensis and they are known as American alligators. American alligators are found through southern United States. Large populations are found in Florida, New Orleans, Louisiana and Georgia. They inhabit primarily fresh water to brackish water areas, although they can occasionally be found in salt water. However, alligators lack the salt-extra... Alligator Essay -- essays research papers The American Alligator is an amazing reptile, having survived almost unchanged since the time of the dinosaurs. Having been hunted almost for extinction, this reptile has made an amazing comeback in recent years. Inhabiting almost every body of water in Florida. American alligator are not considered endangered species, but these harsh looking creatures are threatened. There are two kinds of species of alligators. There is the American alligator and the Chinese alligator. Many people have a hard time telling the difference between alligators and crocodiles. Alligators are related in the same family as the crocodile, but these two animals are very different. An alligator’s upper jaw overlaps the lower jaw. Alligators have a broad snout while crocodile have a very narrow snout. Alligators have much less aggressive and energetic than the crocodiles. Alligators live in tropical climates and crocodiles live in somewhat colder climates. Their kingdom is Animalia. Their Phylum is Chordata. They come from the class Reptilia. Their order is Crocodylia. Their family is Alligatoridae. Their genus is Alligator and their species is alligator messissipiensis and they are known as American alligators. American alligators are found through southern United States. Large populations are found in Florida, New Orleans, Louisiana and Georgia. They inhabit primarily fresh water to brackish water areas, although they can occasionally be found in salt water. However, alligators lack the salt-extra...

The Learners and The Lesson

During this class I could notice that the students are able to communicate in an efficient way in simple and routine tasks requiring a simple and direct exchange and interaction of information requested by the teacher. They were able to use and apply the prepositions of place accordingly; however, I believe they should focus more on using the language in other contexts in order to have them practice more and facilitate the recognition of the given structures.Their interaction with the teacher and among each other showed grammar, lexis, and pronunciation mistakes and errors, but this is a crucial part of the learning process, so I believe it is appropriate to their level. CONCLUSION The importance of evaluating the learner's spoken language is greatly high since we need to be aware of their needs in order to plan lessons that truly help our students. We should take into consideration that it is very important to make feel our students comfortable and in a safe environment so they can practice the language without fear and nervousness.Developing productive skills always suppose a challenge for both learners and teachers. If we have a good class atmosphere, students will perform freely and enthusiastically.

Interviews and Interrogations Policy

Interviews and Interrogations Policy In the world of security, interviews, and interrogations play a key role in solving a case or putting a face to a crime committed. They can be similar but they also have several differences. Interviews and interrogations also come with legal issues because of the way they are conducted. Putting a security policy in place within the organization can help guide security personnel when conducting interviews and interrogations. Interviews and InterrogationsSecurity interviews and interrogations are a way to gather information and facts regarding a case. They both use forms of conversation to attain the most information from the person they are talking to. Establishing a relationship on some level will help both an interview and interrogation. There are major differences between interviews and interrogations. Interviews and interrogations are two very different things. Suspects are interrogated; witnesses are interviewed (Stephens, (n. d. ). Interviews Interviews are informal meetings with a person to gain information regarding a case.The person being interviewed should feel relaxed in order to be open and willingly give information that will help the security officer on the case. They should take place as soon as possible so the details are fresh in the person’s memory and an outside party cannot sway their thoughts. Interviews are used when talking to victims, witnesses, and family members or friends. People being interviewed are normally open and willing to give information regarding the case or personnel under question if they do not believe they are being threatened or intimidated.People being interviewed can help the security personnel gain insight and key details to piece together the bigger puzzle or possibly solving the crime. Respect, truthfulness, and an open-ended conversation should get the interview going in a positive direction and allow the interviewee a chance to express openly and share what they know. In terviews can turn into an interrogation at anytime if the security personnel feels that the person being interviewed has a role in the crime or is gives another reason for doubts. InterrogationsInterrogations are used to gain a confession or attain details from a suspect regarding a crime. Interrogations use an accusatory tone by the interrogator to obtain a confession and can be perceived as hostile. Personnel being interrogated are usually unwilling to give information they know. Interrogators can use persuasion, confrontational tactics, and empathy to procure a confession from the perpetrator or attain more information about the crime. â€Å"Each interrogation is a two-way process in which the subjects are also reading the interrogator.They will read opportunity if they sense any discomfort on the interviewer's part. Therefore, within the legal limits of what is permissible, everything about the interrogation, including the timing, should be set up to give the interviewer the up per hand and to make the subject feel at a disadvantage (McDonough, 2005). The Miranda Rights must be read before beginning an interrogation to use the information given in court and to give the person being interrogated a chance at having a lawyer present. Legal IssuesCoercing a confession or using forms of trickery during an interrogation can cause issues in a trial. There is a fine line between pressing for a confession when they know the truth and pressing for a confession when they are shooting from the hip. They need to have a fairly certain belief that the person in question is at fault in some way or form before hard pressing him or her for a confession. Telling a suspect that if they confess they are free to go or to show a suspect a false report of any kind trying to implicate the suspect is also ways of falsely trying to coerce a confession.Another legal issue that could arise during an interview or interrogation is if the Miranda rights are not read or broken any time af ter they are read and not having a written waiver of rights. Detaining someone for an unreasonable amount of time or without reason is also frowned upon. Another legal issue can happen if security personnel questions a juvenile without their parent or legal guardian present. Security Policy for conducting Interviews and interrogations The first step before you start an interview or interrogation is to know the situation.Whoever will be asking the questions need to know what they are going to ask before they even get into the room. You need to do your research on the subject and the situation that the suspect/witness have found themselves in. When conducting interviews and interrogation you will not work alone. The main person conducting the interview and interrogation will always make sure there is someone present with them when they are asking questions. This is to ensure that you have a witness to your questions and actions at all times. There will be a video camera and listening device (if available) during the interview and interrogation process.Even if the interview or interrogation is being recorded, you should keep notes at all times. These notes will help if there is a glitch in the recording or the video and be able to quickly ask any follow-up questions at the end without reviewing the tape. At the end of the interview or interrogation, your main goal is to get a sworn written statement of what happened and why there was a security violation. Interview The purpose of an interview is to discover certain information about different things. Each situation is different! That is why you need to know the situation before you go into the interview.In most interviews the facts have not came out yet. You are trying to discover the facts from the suspect or witness. During the interview, the setting of the room needs to remain calm so the interview can continue to move forward. The purpose of the interview is to find the facts, so ask questions that will lead to getting the correct facts. When interviewing people, they are not always the main suspects, so do not treat them as if they are. Keep them talking until the facts are found. Once you have the facts, then begins the interrogation phase. InterrogationThe purpose of an interrogation is to find what happened and who had what role in the crime committed. You already have most of the facts so then you want to find out who did it. If you have the main suspect in the interrogation room you are working on getting them to confess to the security violation they committed. You need to gather your thoughts and prepare yourself before you enter the room and begin the interrogation. The setting in interrogations is strict, authoritative, and formal. You will be making accusations but do not coerce the suspect into a confession; it may fall through later in court.You have the facts so you can accuse the suspect of what you think they did. Continue talking to them about the situation. By continui ng to talk to them and asking them the right question they will usually slip and tell you the truth. Once the truth is revealed and you have the right suspect, you need them to write down what happened in a sworn statement. Once the sworn statement is filled out, you hold the suspect or book them. Conclusion An investigator is often faced with a wide range of information when planning and conducting a suspect interview, such as statements from witnesses and victims, technical evidence (e. . DNA, fingerprints), information regarding the arrest and custody and ‘soft’ information (e. g. rumors, tips from informers) (Hakkanen 2009). Even with all this information, sometimes catching the right person is a challenge. With the right questions asked to the right people, either in an interview or interrogation setting, you usually can find out the right answers. Be sure to always withhold yourself to high standards so that your integrity and actions are not questioned after a se curity interview or interrogation, and the case is not jeopardized.

Aftermath and Effects of the Hundred Years War

Aftermath and Effects of the Hundred Years War The Hundred Years War Between England and France lasted for more than a hundred years (1337–1453) of off and on conflict  before England appeared to have been defeated. Any conflict lasting this long would cause changes, and the aftermath of the wars affected both nations. The Uncertain End While we now recognize that a distinctive phase of Anglo-French conflict ended in 1453, there was no peace settlement in the Hundred Years War, and the French remained prepared for the English to return for some time. For their part, the English crown didn’t give up its claim on the French throne. Englands continued invasions werent so much an effort at recovering their lost territory, but because Henry VI had gone mad, and competing noble factions couldnt agree on past and future policy. This contributed greatly to England’s own struggle for power, known as the  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York for control of Henry VI during his mental illness. The conflict was partly fought by battle-hardened veterans of the Hundred Years War. The Wars of the Roses tore at the elites of Britain  and killed many others as well. A watershed had been reached, however, and the French south was now permanently out of English hands. Calais remained under English control until 1558, and the claim on the French throne was only dropped in 1801.​ Effects on England and France France had been severely damaged during the fighting. This was partly caused by official armies conducting bloody raids designed to undermine the opposition ruler by killing civilians, burning buildings, and crops and stealing whatever riches they could find. It was also frequently caused by ‘routiers,’ brigands- frequently soldiers - serving no lord and just pillaging to survive and get richer. Areas became depleted, populations fled or were massacred, the economy was damaged and disrupted, and ever greater expenditure was sucked into the army, raising taxes. Historian Guy Blois called the effects of the 1430s and 1440s a ‘Hiroshima in Normandy. Of course, some people benefitted from the extra military expenditure. On the other hand, while tax in pre-war France had been occasional, in the post-war era it was regular and established. This extension of government was able to fund a standing army- which was built around the new technology of gunpowder- increasing both royal power and revenue, and the size of the armed forces they could field. France had begun the journey to an absolutist monarchy which would characterize  later centuries. In addition, the damaged economy soon began to recover. England, in contrast, had begun the war with more organized tax structures than France, and much greater accountability to a parliament, but royal revenues fell greatly over the war, including the substantial losses incurred by losing wealthy French regions such as Normandy and Aquitaine. For a while, however, some Englishmen got very rich from the plunder taken from France, building houses and churches back in England. The Sense of Identity Perhaps the most lasting impact of the war, especially in England, was the emergence of a much greater sense of patriotism and national identity. This was in part due to publicity spread to gather taxes for the fighting, and partly due to generations of people, both English and French, knowing no situation other than war in France. The French crown benefited from triumphing, not just over England, but over other dissident French nobles, binding France closer as a single body.

The eNotes Blog Shakespeare on Love A Love for ModernTimes

Shakespeare on Love A Love for ModernTimes For one often hailed as the  Bard of love stories, Shakespeare sure has a weird way of showing/telling it. Even his most famous tale of romance,  Romeo and Juliet,  is a littleoffin the love department, at least for  modern times. Romeo and Juliet isnt the only Shakespeare  work  that  is  little bit strange;  in fact a pretty large  number of his works depict love  in ways that are off-putting. Even the most dedicated Shakespeare fan has to acknowledge that the fairy shenanigans in  A Midsummer Nights Dream and the sheer wickedness of Petruchio in  The Taming of the Shrew are a little less than appealing to one who loves love. One could make the claim that Shakespeare distorts his love stories as a way of connecting with the audience by  saying that love is a little crazy and so stories about it ought to be a little crazy. Another school of thought is a little more depressing, but historically viable- back in the 16th/17th centuries a lot of marrying was happening due to financial security and familial alliances, and less due to actual feelings of affection for one another. Its cynical to say that maybe Shakespeare wrote about love in the way that he did because he genuinely didnt understand it in a lasting sense (no, unfortunately the movie Shakespeare in Love is not based on a true story, much as we would all love to believe in Will and Violas love affair). Whatever the reasons for distortion may be, here are a few of Shakespeares more celebrated love stories and what may be considered a little unusual about them.  Feel free of course to draw whatever conclusion about them that makes sense to you. 1. A Midsummer Nights Dream This story is a bit of a rollercoaster from start to finish, opening with the mismatched loves of Demetrius, who loves Hermia, who loves Lysander- and dont forget Helenashes in love with Demetrius. Then, in a side story, there are Oberon and Titania, king and queen of the fairies. Oberon decides to use magically induced love as a way of exploiting his wife into sacrificing her pageboy to be his slave. In his madness to make Titania love a random woodland creature, Oberon sends his ward, Puck, to put the magic petals on his wifes eyelids. He  also tells him to enchant Demetrius into falling in love with Helena so that she may be happy and Hermia can be free to be with Lysander. Already were looking at some pretty warped views on love; first of all, the only characters in a healthy relationship (from what it sounds like) are Hermia and Lysander- and theyre the two that arent allowed to be together. Demetrius is hung up on a woman whos just not that into him, Helena is hung up on a man whos just not that into her, and Oberon and Titania clearly have issues with communication. After a whole lot of hullabaloo, including Titanias brief romance with a man/donkey, Oberon removes the love charms from everyone except Demetrius. So what are we left with? A happy Hermia and Lysander (yay!), a happy Helena with her hoodwinked Demetrius, and a probably still unhappy marriage of the fairy monarchs. I guess we have to hope that Demetrius never snaps out of it and that Helena can be happy with a man who doesnt actually love her, but instead is forced to think that he does. See, that just sounds sad. 2. Romeo and Juliet This story, though revered and quoted by many a scholar, is really quite bizarre. Its a classic tale of love, and it is truly heart-wrenching, but it gets weird real fast when you consider that: a) the whole thing goes down in about 48 hours, and b) these lovers are between the ages of 13 and 16(!). Today people experience love at that age with  butterflies and terror induced by  smiling at one another over peanut-butter sandwiches. Two people, hardly  more than kids, fall in love before knowing a thing about one another (how do  you like your mutton, Romeo?), get married in secret, and die for one another in an old tomb, surrounded by Juliets dead relatives. Whats that all about? The dying for one another after a two-day whirlwind romance? The story in general, though, is quite beautiful; if you take away all of the specifics about Romeo and Juliet as characters and ignore the haste with which they move from meeting  to death, there is some powerful  emotion that does suggest  what true love is all about. Loving one another in spite of the feud between their families and defying the odds to be with one another is genuine, sad, and wonderful all at once. But Shakespeare makes it weird (for us in 2016 at least) when he puts kids in these very adult situations. Its true, people married young back in the day, but usually when they married  this young, it was an arrangement over money or a dowry cow, or something- not because the two would risk their lives to be together. 3. The Taming of the Shrew So heres a really weird one. Anyone familiar with the popular (and excellent) 90s movie 10 Things I Hate About You will already know the basic story- the beautiful and desirable Bianca cant date/marry (depending on which text) until her nasty older sister, Katherina, does. In response, a foolish but wealthy suitor (Josh/Hortencio) pays a resident jerk (perceived or genuinely jerky also depending on text) to marry  Katherina so Bianca will be free to do the same. While all this is going on, the not-so-wealthy other man (Cameron/Luciento) dates/marries Bianca in secret. In the film adaptation, Petruchio is actually a hidden sweetheart. You find this out along with Kat, and everyone may or may not live happily ever after. But in Shakespeares version, Petruchio really sucks. He tricks Katherina into thinking hes this good guy who understands why shes so bitter and awful and loves her in spite of all that. As it turns out, Katherina actually starts even being kind of nice! But all of that falls apart after the two of them marry because once the papers are signed and sealed, Petruchio starts on a rampage of what wed now call emotional abuse, belittling, and undermining the poor woman until shes brainwashed and sick with enough Stockholm Syndrome to act as a proper housewife. And if that isnt enough, at the very end, all of Petruchios buddies basically clap him on the back like, good job buddy, you tamed that shrew. Right. Alternatively, Bianca marries the love of her life and is quite happyso, good for her. 4. The Winters Tale In yet another case of confusion and miscommunication (with a healthy dollop of jealousy-based insecurity) we have the marriage of Hermione and King Leontes. Everything starts out pretty jovial with an enormous dinner party hosted by Leontes and his childhood friend Polixenes (a king of another land). Where we go wrong is when Hermione agrees with her husband that Polixenes should stay a few more days. You may wonder how this is a bad thing- after all, Hermione is agreeing with her husband and trying to help him out. It seems that Leontes is an insecure man. He, seemingly  out of nowhere, becomes  convinced that Hermione and Polixenes are having an affair (pro tip: theyre really not). Leontes demands Hermione be sent to bed and tells his confidant to poison Polixenes. The confidant decides instead to warn Polixenes, and the two flee Sicilia. Again, Leontes misinterprets this one to mean that Hermione must have warned her lover to spare his life (she wasnt even there when you gave the order, Leontes). But, not one for the facts or minute evidence, Leontes has his wife locked away and declares that her unborn child must have been conceived in infidelity. When the poor little girl is born, instead of falling in love with what must have been a cute n smushy baby face, he orders the little thing be abandoned and left for dead somewhere far away. This guy is the worst. The Oracle of Delphi is called upon to give her two cents on all of this, and she says that for sacrificing so much of his family Leontes will be doomed to no heirs until his freshly abandoned daughter is found. Shortly after, a messenger reveals that the son of Leontes and Hermione, Mamillius, is dead. Shortly after that (and Hermiones resulting faint) it is reported to the King that his wife is dead too. NOW he feels pretty bad. Obviously, theres a lot more to this story, but most of it has little to do with our all-stars from Act One and  is less eventful than Leontes and his inadvertent killing spree. Of course, Shakespeare had a lot  of sonnets and poems with absolutely gorgeous depictions of love, so its hard to make the claim that Shakespeare had never experienced it himself. Maybe he just liked making stories that were a little twisted. Its really all up for your interpretation where the Bards inspiration came from, but its interesting to think that one of our most influential writers made love even scarier and more messed up than it already is. Love is weird.

ESL Pronunciation Exercises - Short Vowels Consonants

ESL Pronunciation Exercises - Short Vowels Consonants The following series of pronunciation exercises combines words beginning with the same consonant sound followed by similar vowel sounds. Voiced and voiceless consonants are paired (b - voiced / p - voiceless, d - voiced / t - voiceless, etc.) to help students compare and contrast similar consonant formation. Pairing similar phonemes to improve pronunciation skills is also known as the use of minimal pairs. Minimal pairs change words by one phoneme so that the basic pronunciation pattern remains the same with one slight - minimal - difference. This allows students to really focus in on the slight difference in jaw, tongue, or lip placement needed to make the various phonemes. Repeat each line slowly, listen for the minor differences between the vowel and consonant sounds.Repeat each line three times. Each time repeat more quickly trying to keep the sounds distinct.Find a partner and listen to each other repeat the lines.Try to invent sentences using each sound at least once. For example: The big bat bet he could beat the others. - Dont worry too much about the sentence making much sense! ih - pronounced ih as in hit ee - pronounced ee as in see eh - pronounced eh as in let ae - pronounced ae as in cat big beat bet bat pig peep pet pat did deal death dad tip teeth tell tap gill gee! get gap kill keep kept cat sip see set sat zip zeal zeppelin zap ship sheet shelf shaft gin jeep jell jack chip cheek chess chat hit heat help hat Vowel Sounds eh - as in let, ih - as in hit, ee - as in see, and ae- as in catlong ah - as in car, short ah - as in gotlong uh - as in put, short uh - as in up, oo - as in through Diphthong Sounds ay - as in day, ai - as in skyou - as in home, ow - as in mouse, oi - as in boyieh(r) - as in near, ehi(r) - as in hair

Managerial Economics Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managerial Economics Assignment - Essay Example Given the implicit link that is found between market growth and the elements of well-being (e.g. levels of employment and consumption), GDP is often regarded as a proxy indicator for human development and well-being. However, this relationship between economic growth and social welfare is not straight. Soon after the inception of GDP, the interpretation and its use as a proxy for social welfare received much criticism which included some of the most established thinkers in economics such as Joseph Stiglitz, Amartya Sen and Muhammad Yunus (Wesselink, et al., 2007, p.3). GDP is limited in the sense that it does not put in a number of factors that can determine the well being of the people and nature such as the value for non-market goods and services like an ecosystem services, for unpaid labor, and leisure or in distributional issues. Several measures like aggregated single number indicators, indicator sets, and satellite accounts have been formed that can act as the complements to GD P and in related economic indicators (Wesselink, et al., 2007, p.5). Standard of living and GDP GDP per capita is not a proper measure for the standard of living found in an economy (Economics, 1958, p.310). However, it is frequently used to be such an indicator based on the rationale that all people in a country would be befitting from their country's higher economic production. Similarly, GDP per capita is not an accurate measure for personal income (Eckes, 2011, p.7). GDP can increase while the real incomes of the majority decline. The major advantage of using GDP per capita to be an indicator for standard of living is that GDP per capita is measured frequently, widely, and consistently. It is measured frequently in several countries as they provide information on GDP on quarterly basis, allowing the trends to be understood by the analysts quickly. It is measured widely in the sense that some indicators of GDP are always available in almost every country of the world, which allow s inter-country comparisons. It is measured consistently as the technical definition for GDP is relatively same or consistent among the countries (Muljadi, n.d, p.14). Despite of these features, it is not considered to be a good measure for the standard of living. The argument favoring the use of GDP as a proxy for the standard-of-living is not that fact that GDP of a nation is a good indicator for the absolute level of standard of living, but the fact that the living standard tends to move with the per-capita GDP, so that the changes in the living standards are easily detected by the changes in GDP (Muljadi, n.d, p.14). GDP versus real GDP GDP = consumption (personal + government spending) + business (non-financial) investment + net exports (exports - imports). It is essential to know the real definition of GDP which is that it is used to measure the total production in a country. It is a metric for economic activity. As such, the exact value of GDP has very little relevance. Inste ad, the economy of a country is interested mostly in the changes in GDP, or in the comparisons between countries or in different time periods. As the change in GDP over a certain time is important, one has to carefully consider the impacts of inflation. An inflation rate of say 5% would automatically lead to a 5% increase in GDP (assuming the inflation metric is a reasonably representative of the prices for the entire economy)

Expression Of Recombinant Tick Histamine-Binding Protein Lab Report

Expression Of Recombinant Tick Histamine-Binding Protein - Lab Report Example To facilitate further studies regarding the structure and function of HBP, there should be an efficient means by which HBP can be made available. For this, Pichia pastoris expression system was assessed for its competence in producing recombinant HBP. This was chosen for its effectiveness in glycosylating recombinant proteins. On the other hand, the HBP gene sequence used for this particular study was from cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, which is considered to be an agricultural pest. If found to have therapeutic effect, the despised insect will be given a newly-discovered purpose. Culture and induction of transformed P. pastoris was able to produce c-myc epitope-containing proteins, potentially containing TC11485, as detected through dot blot and Western blot analysis. Future researches involve purification and characterization of the recombinant TC11485. Introduction Lipocalins 1. The structure-function relation in lipocalins Lipocalins are monomeric globular proteins compris ed of a single polypeptide with 150-200 amino acid residues, and ubiquitous in all life forms. In fact, these proteins are abundant in plasma, tissue and secretory fluids of humans. Despite its weak sequence homology, they are characterized by a tertiary structural level of a conserved ?-barrel configuration with an amino-and carboxy-terminal ?-helix attachment, contributing to their similarities in function, which will be discussed in the later sections. The barrel is shaped like a cone, in which the tip is a hydrophobic core that protects the parcel, and the base open to solvent acts as an entry point into the cavity. In fact, the term lipocalin is derived from ‘calyx’, which is the Greek and Latin word for drinking vessel (Cheng, 2010; Schlehuber and Skerra, 2005). Classification of lipocalins is based on variations in the length of the terminal segments. Aside from the highly conserved tertiary structure, lipocalins also exhibit similar arrangement of exons and intr ons in their genes’ coding sequences (Cheng, 2010). Understandably, each lipocalin has a distinct amino acid sequence. For human lipocalins, a single unpaired cysteine (Cys) residue allows intermolecular covalent binding of a lipocalin to another protein. Apolipoprotein D (ApoD) binds with apolipoprotein A-II, and NGAL associates with matrix metalloproteinase IX Other than being differentiated based on amino acid sequence, lipocalins vary in the shapes that their structures can assume. Logically, capability for such changes influences the function of the protein. For example, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) opens more widely to become more funnel-like, while the mouse major urinary protein (MUP) closes the opening of the barrel to totally encapsulate the ligand (Schlehuber and Skerra, 2005). 2. Physiologic role of lipocalins This family of proteins primarily functions to transport or store compounds that are insoluble or chemically sensitive. Among the compo unds transported by lipocalins are hydrophobic vitamins, pheromones, bilins, retinoids, lipids and steroid hormones, play significantly in transcription, enzymatic reactions and metabolism (Schlehuber and Skerra, 2005; Cheng, 2010). They deliver their ligands to the cell membrane receptor or to the targets (such as DNA) themselves. For example, the human plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP), the first lipocalin structurally characterized, transports the insoluble and highly oxidative vitamin A from the stores in the liver to the target tissues . ApoD transports progesterone and arachidonic acid, while NGAL has Fe(III)-enterobactin as its ligand (Schlehuber and Skerra, 2005). 3. Medical significance of lipocalins Because of their

OPS Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

OPS Assignment - Essay Example These steps include taking orders from the company, making a database of orders in his laptop, starting with the problem statements of the orders, analyzing the issues, writing sequence of steps to be taken for gathering of data, switching on the internet, searching for the required software modules, perform coding as per requirement of those software projects, testing them, making the document of the project which needed at least four hours, and in the end, deliver the ordered software projects to the company and getting paid for the successful accomplishment of the orders. Now, all these steps mentioned above take a very long time in order to get an order completed. Like he takes two orders per day in which one order requires coding and the other one requires just documentation. But the problem here is that he will start doing second project when he will get the first order completed. He spends at least ten hours to complete both orders. His personal life also gets affected due to this long duration. The thing is that he should make an efficient flowchart to get these orders completed spending less time. To accomplish this, he will have to hire an individual who has expertise in typing a proper document for the software projects. The flowchart he will use will start by getting orders from the company, saving the problems statements in the laptop, coming home, switching on the laptop, make two different folders for the project out of which one folder will contain the software which will require coding and the other one will contain the software which will require documentation. Now he will call the person whom he has hired for documenting the project. While he will perform coding for the first software, the other person will start documenting the other software which will reduce the time to complete two orders. In this way, both the orders will get completed simultaneously within six hours instead of

Economic And Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economic And Management - Essay Example Elasticity is an easy way of enumerating cause and effect correlations. It is described normally as a mathematical measure of the responsiveness of one economic variable (the dependant variable) following a change in another influencing variable (the independent variable), ceteris paribus. Now we shall understand what Price Elasticity of demand (PED) is, it is the measure of responsiveness of demand for a good following an alteration in its own price. If demand is elastic, then a little transform in price will consequence in a comparatively big change in amount demanded. However, if price increases by too much and quantity demanded descends vaguely, then demand would be price inelastic. (Hubbard and O'Brien, 2008) If co-efficient of PED = 0, it means that demand is perfectly inelastic. This means that any change in price whether increase or decrease does change the quantity demanded. Hence making its demand curve a vertical line in price(x axis) to quantity(y axis) space. If co-efficient of PED is between 0 and 1, when we get values of PED between 0 and 1 than we say PED to be inelastic this means that percentage change in demand is lesser than percentage change in price. Producers know that the change in demand will be proportionately smaller than the percentage change in price. ... Producers know that the change in demand will be proportionately smaller than the percentage change in price. Therefore Demand curve will be a very steep slanting line in price(x axis) to quantity(y axis) space. If co-efficient of PED = 1, when a percentage change in price changes the percentage of quantity demanded by the same proportion the PED is said to be unitary elastic. For example a 10% rise in the price of apples causes a 10% fall in its quantity demanded. If co-efficient of PED > 1, when the value of PED exceeds 1 then demand is said to be elastic, which means that a % change in price causes the quantity demanded to change by more than proportionate. For example a 10% rise in prices of apples cause its quantity demanded to drop by 15%. (Lipsey & Chrystal, 2007; Sloman, 2006) Factors Determining Price Elasticity of Demand: Now let us take a look at the key factors that determines the PED for goods and services. They are as follows: The range of near substitutes for a product / attractiveness of the good- the more the number of substitutes of a good the more elastic would be its demand because consumers can easily turn to other alternative good. For example coke's perfect substitute is Pepsi, and therefore if coke raises its price people will turn to Pepsi instead. And the more the product is unique the more inelastic would be its demand. (Tucker, 1999; Samuelson & Nordhaus, 2001) The fee of toggling amid different products - there may be noteworthy dealings expenses caught up in changing among dissimilar goods and services. For example, mobile phone service suppliers may incorporate penalty clauses in agreements or persevere on 12-month

Theory of Justice Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Theory of Justice Analysis Paper - Essay Example One of the more famous views of ethics is primarily about the rights and duties of agents, which take precedent over individual feelings or inclinations, the wishes of the majority, or utilitarian calculations about what would make most people happy. Rights trump the pursuit of goods. There are fundamental principles and duties that restrain self-interest. Ethics explores the theoretical foundations of moral theology. It searches oneself before making a decision and taking action. The various schools and thought and concepts written about ethics provide the appropriate tool to guide a person in his decision making process, particularly in justice and security organizations. According to Souryal (2007), â€Å"the origins of criminal justice ethics can be found in an amalgam of the following sources: (1) natural law; (2) religious testaments; (3) constitutional provisions; (4) professional codes of ethics; and (5) philosophical† (85). The natural law traced its origins from the beginning of mankind encompassing all people, universally applicable and hardly changing. Considered the law of humanity, the natural law incorporates human rights and clearly defines principles that restrict the power of government over the individual’s welfare. Religious testaments indicate the significant role that religion plays in defining ethical issues and moral codes of conduct – but not the only source of principles in ethical issues (Souryal, 2007, 98). Constitutional provisions provide the framework for laws and regulations designed in accordance with ethical standards of right and wrong. As averred by Souryal (2007), â€Å"the Constitution is an oracle that epitomizes the truths of the social contract that unites the citizens and their government and sets the fundamental values of political order† (98). directed toward a common good† (Souryal, 2007, 101). The criminal justice system and other security organizations operate under the governance and jurisdiction of clearly

Team Motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Team Motivation - Essay Example This study highlights that  individuals encounter various decisions they need to make, providing them with opportunities for overcoming fears associated with certain consequences. The issue of motivation is subject to both complexity and simplicity, meaning that it offers explanations with respect to observing what characterizes human behavior, while complexity emerges whenever contradictions emerge. For example, the desire by individuals to nourish themselves is usually strong, making them engage in extreme action. Hence, it is appropriate to understand what motivation entails to allow us lay notable emphasis to general principles that characterize motivation, allowing us to apply it to different aspects of life. With a better understanding of these principles, it would be possible to enter into a highly rewarding experience.From this paper it is clear that  when a person wishes to serve as part of a team, there are certain questions that one should ask himself or herself, espec ially when one receives an invitation to serve as a member of a given team. These would help guide one as to whether he or she should serve as a team member. However, there are certain times whereby people lack the opportunity for participating in a team, such as when an organization or workgroup restructures itself in a manner whereby teams direct themselves. In these cases, individuals are capable of understanding as to why they need to serve as teams or groups.

Theory of Justice Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Theory of Justice Analysis Paper - Essay Example One of the more famous views of ethics is primarily about the rights and duties of agents, which take precedent over individual feelings or inclinations, the wishes of the majority, or utilitarian calculations about what would make most people happy. Rights trump the pursuit of goods. There are fundamental principles and duties that restrain self-interest. Ethics explores the theoretical foundations of moral theology. It searches oneself before making a decision and taking action. The various schools and thought and concepts written about ethics provide the appropriate tool to guide a person in his decision making process, particularly in justice and security organizations. According to Souryal (2007), â€Å"the origins of criminal justice ethics can be found in an amalgam of the following sources: (1) natural law; (2) religious testaments; (3) constitutional provisions; (4) professional codes of ethics; and (5) philosophical† (85). The natural law traced its origins from the beginning of mankind encompassing all people, universally applicable and hardly changing. Considered the law of humanity, the natural law incorporates human rights and clearly defines principles that restrict the power of government over the individual’s welfare. Religious testaments indicate the significant role that religion plays in defining ethical issues and moral codes of conduct – but not the only source of principles in ethical issues (Souryal, 2007, 98). Constitutional provisions provide the framework for laws and regulations designed in accordance with ethical standards of right and wrong. As averred by Souryal (2007), â€Å"the Constitution is an oracle that epitomizes the truths of the social contract that unites the citizens and their government and sets the fundamental values of political order† (98). directed toward a common good† (Souryal, 2007, 101). The criminal justice system and other security organizations operate under the governance and jurisdiction of clearly

External envelope (consruction technolgy and materials) Essay

External envelope (consruction technolgy and materials) - Essay Example Facilitation of roadmap meetings and documentation has been performed by the department of energy's office of building technology, state and community programs (BTS) which manages the largest buildings RD& D program in the federal government. By joining forces to implement this technology roadmap, leaders in industry are laying the groundwork for residential housing that is increasingly adaptable, durable, energy and resource efficient, comfortable, and supportive of health and well-being. Modern's methods of constructions are giving architects and specify a great freedom in design that ever before. As well as the new commonly used timer frame and brick and block, insulating concrete forms (ICFs) are raising their profile in the industry. Becoming a viable alternative in providing speedy installation, and satisfaction insulation legislation. Having being used extensively in the U.S. and Canada for over 30 years, companies such as Polysteel are now developing their use in the U.K. projects such as the sovereign Harbor development in East Bourne are taking advantage of ICF's fast track construction. Inclusive design is the only guaranteed method of ensuring that a building is suitable for all disabled people who wish to use it. Inclusive design is about the specification of the building, about the intent to make it suitable for everyone to use. It blends the natural flow of the building in a way that takes account of the requirement of all groups disabled inclusive. U.K BUILDING REGULATIONS The approved document, part M of the U.K.'s building regulations gives some explanation of the reasons for each of its requirements it is in this section of the document that designers and spacefarers can see how to create an interesting building, one that will still satisfy the need of all, including disabled people, according to building products magazine.. In recent years the government has been making "all the right noise" on the environment. There is no doubt that the U.K. is one of the nations leading the way aware of the long-term consequences for us all. I will state here that if we drastically reduce the amount of Co2 emissions this country currently generate, we will contribute to the well being of the entire planet. However, there are three basic measures to be taken: better insulation for our properties making them less reliant on heating; making better use of what nature can offer in terms of wind, ware and solar energy, and most importantly, get our domestic and commercial heating systems running more efficiently. Part L of the building regulations in England and Wales has been a stipulation that boilers fitted into new properties are of the high efficiency type, with the resultant reduction in consumption of gas. According to Stephen Magdalena "over the years, architectural recast concrete cladding panels have built track records of meeting essential client requirements in a wide range of application.." MATERIAL UTILIZATIONS Of course the decision to prefabricate must be taken early and the specialist full advantage is to be gained. The range of caddy finishes available can be split into two groups: those where the actual concrete in on view and those where the concrete forms a backing to other materials. In all cases, quality is guaranteed

Campaign Strategy Of Prithvi Narayan Shah

Campaign Strategy Of Prithvi Narayan Shah As a sound strategy is a pre-requisite to successful campaigns, the strategy that Prithvi Narayan Shah (PNS) planned and pursued during his unification campaigns (1742-1773 A. D.), can be assumed vital to his great achievement creation of modern Nepal. Indeed, PNSs campaign strategy envisaged employment of all state means/ tools/ instruments including saam, daam, danda, and bhed. Moreover, PNS (1723-1775) conceived of and implemented the strategy of mass mobilization for national campaign well before Napoleon Bonaparte did in 1790s. In that sense, PNS changed the feudal character of war into national war during his unification campaign. Studying PNSs unification campaign strategy can, therefore, be meaningful and insightful for the students of strategic studies and policy makers of the present Nepal that is experiencing unprecedented upheavals, chaos, and uncertainty in its history. Aim and Scope of the Paper This paper aims at highlighting the strategy/ policy, which PNS pursued during his campaign of uniting the Baisi, Choubisi, and Malla principalities. This paper is based on the general interaction and talks, seminar presentations and interactions, and data/ information available in the books and articles. Further, for ease of understanding, PNSs strategy has been analyzed here in terms of Christopher Laynes contemporary definition of strategy: Grand Strategy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ is the process by which a state matches ends and means in the pursuit of security. In peacetime, grand strategy encompasses the following: defining the states security interests; identifying the threats to those interests; and allocating military, diplomatic, and economic resources to defend the states interests. In other words, PNs unification campaign strategy is analyzed here as the function of his ends (national purpose), threats, means, and ways/ courses of action, (Limbu, R. D.). General Situation of the Subcontinent when PNS became King of Gorkha When PNS became the king of Gorkha in 1742, the whole Indian subcontinent was facing turmoil politically, socially, economically, and strategically. While the Mughal Empire was undergoing disintegration, the Marathas in the West, Haidar Ali in the South, and the British in part of Bengal were expanding their territories, (Stiller, L. F., 1968). In Nepal during this period, several petty principalities loosely called Baise Rajyas and Choubise Rajyas ruled the Karnali and Gandak basins respectively. Gorkha was just one of the Choubise Rajyas. During this same period, while the Malla kings ruled the Kathmandu Valley divided into three kingdoms, a number of autonomous Kirati provinces under the nominal rule of Sen Kings existed in the region east of Sunkoshi River to the present border of Nepal. The general strategic scenario in Karnali, Gandaki, Bagmati, and Koshi Basins was as follows:- There were too many states confined to a limited space. The average size of a state was not a viable political entity. The big principalities Jumla, Palpa, Mackwanpur, and Vijayapur contained about 20,000 houses each; and the rest had about 600 to 8000 houses each. The yearly income of even the richest one was limited to a few thousand rupees. Except Jumla, Piuthan, Palpa, Tanhoun, Mackwanpur and the three states of the Nepal Valley, none of them could be called a state even in a limited sense, (Regmi D. R.). In theory, though all the states owed their allegiance to the Moghul Emperor at Delhi, each state behaved as a sovereign one. Every minor issue gave rise to conflict among them. General anarchy and misrule prevailed throughout the region. The peoples were forced to live in abject poverty and misery. The entire region was vulnerable to internal and external threats, (ibid). Unification Campaign Strategy of PNS The campaign strategy/ policy of PNS has been analyzed in terms of, (1), his purpose/ core interests, (2), major threats, (3), major means/ resources available, and, (4), ways/policies pursued. Purpose and Objectives of PNS Not every historian agrees that national unity was the ultimate purpose of PNS. However, some historians argue that having understood the strategic vulnerability of the then existing principalities to growing threats from the south, PNS invaded, conquered, and united them into a single kingdom. To this school of thought, creation of a strong and united kingdom out of the weak and divided principalities was the ultimate purpose of PNS. In this paper, this understanding has been assumed to be the sovereign purpose of PNS. Achievement of this purpose entailed invasion and capture of at least the Kathmandu valley and the Choubisi principalities. Threats To realize his purpose, though PNS did not have to confront any threats from Tibet/ China, he faced numerous threats from the Baisi, Choubisi, and Malla states, and external powers. Moreover, he had to negotiate several challenges that came from within his own kingdom. Threats from Mir Kasim (Nawab of Bengal) and British East India Company The Malla kings of Kathmanu valley and the Sen kings controlling Mackwanpur, Sindhuli, and eastern Terai region of Nepal maintained good relationships with Mir Kasim and the East India Company. For preserving and furthering their national interests, these powers preferred status quo in Nepal. As PNS captured Nuwakot (1744), Mackwanpur (1762), and Sindhuli (1767), and invested these states for the invasion and capture of the Kathmandu valley, the interests of Nawab and the Company happened to clash with that of PNS. Interference from Nawab PNSs conquest of Mackwanpur attracted the attention of the Nawab and the Company, both of which understood the strategic importance of Mackwanpur maintaining lucrative trade with Kathmandu valley and Tibet. Moreover, both of these forces coveted the natural resources of Nepal assuming that Nepal possessed precious gold mines and gold, which actually came from Tibet in return for the minting of coinages used in Kathmandu valley and Tibet, (Regmi, D. R.). Initially, the Nawab sent a small detachment in 1762 to test the strength of Gorkhalis. However, the Gorkha force wiped out this contingent in no time. Following this defeat, the Nawab dispatched a big force under Gurgin Khan. In the ensuing battle (1762/ 1763), which carried on for more than a week, the Gorkha force routed the expeditionary forces completely, (ibid). Interference from East India Company In 1767, the Company, decided to send an expeditionary force under Captain Kinloch to break PNSs siege of the Kathmandu valley. Kinlocks forces suffered from ignorance of the mountain terrain/ weather, the peculiar fighting methods of Gorkhal soldiers, and lack of adequate preparations. Consequently, the expeditionary forces suffered humiliating defeat at the hand of Gorkha forces, (Stiller, 1968). Threats from Baise and Choubise States No formal military alliances existed for the maintenance of balance of power among the Baise states. In theory, though the Jumla king had the right to interfere to maintain the balance of power among the Baise states, no effective means existed to enforce this right. Consequently, no interference came from the Baise states during the unification campaign of PNS, (Hamilton, F. B.). However, a crude system of balance of power existed among the Choubise states, which tended to maintain equilibrium among them. For Gorkha, the immediate neighboring states in the west, and south-west included Lamjung, Tanhu, and Palpa. Parbat and Kaski, located immediately further west. Aware of the implications of expanding Gorkha kingdom, these states formed some sort of security alliance against PNS. The major alliances were as follows, (Stiller, 1995):- Palpa Alliance. Included Palpa, Jajarkot, Ghiring, Rising, Gulmi, Argha, and Khanchi. Lamjung Alliance. Consisted of Lamjung, Tanhun, and Kaski. Malebum (Parbat) Alliance. Comprised Parbat and Galkot. Bhirkot Alliance. Included Bhirkot, Nuwakot (west), Paiyun, and Garahun. Piuthan Allaince. Consisted of Piuthan, Isma, Musikot, Khungri, and Bhingri. Manpower Problem While Gorkha had 12,000 households, (one household could have an average of four to five family members), its immediate neighbors Lamjung, Kaski, Tanhu, and Palpa had approximately 8,000, 8,000, 12,000, and 24,000 households respectively, (Stiller, 1995). The kingdoms of Kathmandu valley had bigger population. Manpower-wise, therefore, Gorkha was not in a favorable position to invade and conquer any of those kingdoms, which often formed alliance to defend their homeland. Scarce Finance and Material Resources and Logistics Support Compared with the kingdoms of Kathmandu valley, Palpa, and Mackwanpur, Gorkha possessed neither adequate material resources nor reliable sources of revenues. Gorkhas resources could be substantially augmented by the revenues from the captured lands. Nevertheless, initially Gorkha had to suffer greatly from the strain of scarce material resources and logistics required for supporting its sustained offensive campaigns, (Stiller, 1995). Tough Terrain Difficult mountainous terrain definitely favored the defenders, not the invader. Conventionally, an invader in mountainous terrain requires more than three times the strength of the defender. Means/ Resources Available Leadership and Command History has testified, An army of stags led by a lion is better than an army of lions led by a stag. The most important factor in the victorious campaigns of tiny Gorkha kingdom was the outstanding leadership/ command PNS and his field commanders provided for the troops, (Hamilton, F. B.). These commanders commanded their troops by example from the front, which was essential to successful campaigns in those days of close quarter-battles. Intelligence PNS had wisely invested, established, and maintained an effective intelligence system eye, ear, and brain of the state on which others state tools were dependent. In the Choubisi region, he deployed his secret agents to every important place. These agents were active in sowing the seeds of discords among the rulers and elites to ensure that there was no concerted action against Gorkha, (Regmi, D. R.). With the promise to provide birta and other incentives, PNS bought support of many courtiers and several wealthy families of Kathmandu valley. Further, a large number of clever Brahmins were employed in Kathmandu on espionage missions. These agents engaged themselves in subversive activities creating splits and confusion in the Valley, (ibid). A man by the name of Kirtirajananda Upadhya helped PNSs war effort from inside the city of Patan. This man was tasked to subvert people of Kathmandu and Patan in concert with his uncle and cousin in furtherance of Gorkhas interest, (ibid). Moreover, PNS amply paid the local priests and religious leaders who were secretly helping him from Patan and Kathmandu courts. Later, they received free holding of lands. In the beginning, PNS used even the Gosain traders, (ibid). In the Kirat region, PNS employed the local Brahmins of the Dudhkosi basin as his main agents. Harinanda Pokhrel was employed in subverting the nine hundred thousand Kirati people and in helping the Gorkhali to capture Chaudandi and Bijayapur. Others who were employed included Balkrishna Joshi and Birbhadra Upadhya whom PNS rewarded later, (ibid). The diplomatic missions and others deployed overtly and covertly in various important centers of India and Tibet operated as his external intelligence agents. The means of communications in those days was letters or individual agents/ contacts. Political/ Diplomatic Understanding the sensitive geo-politic/ geo-strategic location of Nepal, PNS said, This country is like a gourd between two boulders, (Stiller, 1968). Aware of strategic implications involved, PNS restricted the foreign traders from entering Nepal. His Dibyopadesh also shows an appreciation of the necessity of maintaining balanced relationship with the immediate neighbors. Overtly and covertly, PNS had established various missions in important centers outside Nepal. At one time PNS deployed Vrihaspati Pandit to Purnea, Kirtimali to Patna, Vaikuntha Upadhaya to the place of Nawab Sujaddaula, and Dinanath to Calcutta. In Lhasa, PNS had posted a man named Rajgiri. British sources corroborate this information, (Regmi, D. R.). He selected the best diplomats, (Stiller, 1968). Realizing the strategic implications of British dominance in Tibet, PNS persuaded the Tibetan authorities not to permit the entry of English goods into Tibet, (Regmi, D. R.). However, PNS never used force against the external powers. He preferred negotiation. He counterattacked them only when they interfered with his campaign. In Dibyopadesh PNS compared Lamjung, Gorkha, and Kathmandu valley with Garuda, snake, and a frog respectively. It meant that as long as its western border remained vulnerable to Lamjung, Gorkha could not capture Kathmandu valley. To secure his western border, PNS adopted the most opportunistic real politic of divide and rule. However, this instrument failed him strategically to expand his territory in the west. However, in case of some of the Baise states he succeeded to separate them from the Choubisis, (Regmi, D. R.). Army The most important means/ instrument PNS employed throughout his campaign was his Army, which consisted of several companies, each with about 100 gunmen. This Army comprised both regular and irregular soldiers. Towards the end of his regime, PNS had a minimum of fourteen companies, or about twenty-five hundred men, (Stiller, 1995) PNS made use of rabble soldiers as well. The regular soldiers called tilinga handled guns and daggers based on the situations. The irregulars also handled different type of weapons and were well trained as the regular soldier. Besides, there were men who used only Khuda and Khukuri, (Regmi, D. R.) The Company was commanded by a Subedar (officer) under whom there were six Havildars and as much Huddas. The latter two were junior officers, (ibid). The Subedar used to be the most trusted man with reputation of achievements in four or more battles. He appointed his junior officers, Havaldar and Hudda, based on their battle performance. Only the most courageous would get promotion. (ibid). Every capable individual Brahmin, Kshatri, Baisya, Sudra castes, and others could serve in the Army in different capacities, (ibid). Many believe that PNSs army was an inclusive one. However, the spirit of Dibyopadesh does not support this idea of inclusiveness. Recruitment in the Army was done only from certain castes Khash, Magars, Gurungs, and Thakuris, and important command appointments were assigned to those close to the King, (Stiller, 1968). Moreover, Brahmins were not recruited as soldiers, (Regmi, D. R.). Other Chubise states also had their armies recruited from the same indigenous materials. Foreign mercenaries were employed in Jaya Prakash Mallas Army. What made the Gorkha army more effective than others was the leadership, command, and incentives received from PNS, who shared his vision as well as risks of war with his troops and provided jagir to each soldier. Economic Means Sound logistic support base is essential to successful military campaign. Moreover, offensive battle in mountainous terrain is much more expensive than the defensive one. Sustained military campaign like the one undertaken by PNS was very costly. Conventionally, it was not possible for PNS to raise and sustain an army strong enough to simultaneously hold the Choubisi alliance in the west and successfully invade and conquer the kingdoms in the east. Moreover, threats from the rising powers of India were also to be catered for. However, PNS invented the system of jagir (land assignment) to resolve the bulk of his financial problem. To every man who served in his army, PNS assigned a jagir, which satisfied the peoples innate aspirations for economic security, wealth, and social prestige, (Stiller, 1993). Further, early capture of fertile valley of Nuwakot (1744) and then Mackwanpur (1762) helped him economically in the invasion of Kathmandu valley. Once he captured the rich and fertile Kathmandu valley and controlled the lucrative trade with Tibet, PNS had no major problem to finance military campaigns against the ill-equipped and divided Kirati regions. Ways/ Policies It can be safely assumed that all the ways/ policies PNS pursued were based on the sound intelligence appreciation of the prevailing situation including the capabilities, limitations, and intentions of the opponents the Malla, Choubisi, and Baisi kingdoms, and the external powers. PNS had invested wisely in overt/ covert intelligence missions for gathering intelligence required for pursuing appropriate policies. Depending on the prevailing situation, PNS pursued all forms of policies saam, daam, danda, bhed in isolation or combination to achieve his purpose. Political/ Diplomatic Appreciating the sensitive and vulnerable geo-political location of Nepal, PNS sought for and maintained a friendly diplomatic relation with East India Company and Tibet/ China without any harm to national interests. However, he presented no opportunities, which provided the foreign powers an excuse to penetrate Nepal. Similarly, PNS tried his best to prevent the British from gaining an access to Tibet, (Regmi, D. R.). PNS pursued the divide and rule policy among the Malla, Choubisi, and Baisi Rajas. Particularly, he resorted to sustained policies including saam, daam, danda, and bhed, to keep the Kathmandu valley rulers and western neighbors Lamjung, Tanhu, Palpa, Mackwanpur, Kaski and Parbat weak and divided so that they would not forge alliance against Gorkha. Further, with the issuance in 1773 of Royal Charter (Sanad) that ensured some special rights including the Kipat system for the Limbu-Kiratis, PNS brought Pallo Kirat under his domination without fighting even before the ruler in Morang was defeated, (Regmi, D. R.). Military To ensure self-motivation, dedication, and loyalty of troops, PNS shared his vision with his troops. PNS appealed, motivated, mobilized, involved and employed the general mass in national war of unification. PNS required his field commanders to command the troops in battles by personal example and ensured fair administration of rewards and punishment. PNS always ensured that he was not forced to fight battles simultaneously on more than one front. He ensured sustained economic blockade and envelopment of Kathmandu valley, and systematic tightening of the noose/ ring before the main attack. He conducted protracted subversive operations before, during, and after the military campaigns. Whenever possible he tried to win the battles through negotiation without bloodshed. As regards the powerful East India Company, he resorted only to the defensive war. When forced to fight, PNS pursued offensive defense along with guerrilla warfare by exploiting the advantages of mountainous terrain and weather. He countered numerical and technological superiority of East India Company and Nawab of Bengal, by deliberately creating space for drawing their forces deep into the difficult mountainous terrains (e.g. offensive defenses against the expeditionary forces of Mir Kasim in Mackwanpur and East India Company in Sindhuli) to decisively counterattack at a favorable place/ time and destroy them in detail. Economic PNS adopted the system of jagir to reduce the financial burden of costly war. He encouraged/ appealed to the mass for voluntary donation/ assistance in cash and kinds for his campaigns. PNS conducted sustained economic blockade of the Kathmandu valley. He borrowed money from the traders like the Gosains and the very rich local people such as Harinanda Upadhya Pokhrel, Balkrishna Joshi, and Birbhadra Upadhya of Kirat region, (Regmi, D. R.). He discouraged imports of foreign materials and encouraged indigenous industries and production and, preferably promoted trade with Tibet including continuance of minting of silver coins for both Tibet and Nepal. Cultural PNS avoided interference in the indigenous cultures and traditions. His Dibya Upadesh depicts Nepal as consisting of chaar jaat, chhatish barna. PNS encouraged local culture for winning the hearts and minds of the people, (Regmi, D. R.). He accepted and worked with the existing regional cultural, social, and fiscal institutions. He required his governors/ commanders/ officials to do the same, (Stiller, 1993). Other Policies/ Ways Mass Mobilization of Population and Resources To make up work force and resources shortages, PNS ordered general mobilization of the entire Gorkha population including the tailor and band-player, the cobbler, the blacksmith, and the sweeper. The idea of war of national unification motivated the entire citizens of Gorkha irrespective of castes and sects. All the youths aged 16 and 30 years were freely recruited into the army and large stocks of arms were distributed. These youths were given weapons training by some experienced Hindustani experts, (Regmi, D. R.). Thus, PNS changed the character of war from feudal to national. Justification of Means by Ends For PNS any means or ways was fair in war. In several cases, ethical/ moral values found no place in the means he employed to win his war, (ibid). Superior Organization and Technology Sustained battle experiences taught PNS to improve his military organization including the intelligence. PNS also introduced firearms and European discipline in his Army, (Hamilton, F.). He made best use of firelocks, which until his time were totally unknown among the Choubisi Rajas. The superior organization and firepower of Gorkha troops armed with muskets completely outmatched the organizationally weak Kiratis armed with bows and arrows, (Stiller, 1995). Moreover, PNS utilized the services of a master mechanic (Shekh Zabbar) in making matchlocks and gunpowder, which was lacking in the Malla rulers though they also possessed the latest weapons, (Regmi, D. R.). Offensive Battles Two of the most important objective ingredients of combat power are firepower and maneuver power. PNS fought offensive battles characterized both by firepower and by maneuverability, while his opponents fought static defensive battles, stuck to particular terrain, (Regmi, D. R.). Consolidation of States Earlier, the kings of Nepal would distribute their newly won territories among their relatives as favors/ honors. However, when his brothers sought same sort of favors, PNS absolutely refused. To him, a state would not remain a state when it was split. PNS treated Nepal as a garden in which all peoples of all religions, castes, and groups deserve to live together in harmony and peace, and with dignity, (Stiller, 1993,). Conclusion PNS succeeded in realizing his purpose, because it was understood, endorsed, and supported by the people, and his strategy was based on ground reality, ingenuity, and innovation. Some of the vital aspects of PNSs campaign strategy were: clear understanding and realization of the sensitive geopolitical location of Nepal, clarity in the national purpose, communicating and sharing of national purpose with the people, understanding and treatment of Nepal as a secular nation-state consisting of Chaar jaat, chhatish barna, encouragement of the local cultures of the indigenous peoples, concept of inclusiveness and mass mobilization for national campaigns, and selective/ appropriate employment of available means saam, daam, danda, bhed depending on the situation. Indeed, the wisdoms reflected in PNSs unification campaign strategy more than two centuries ago can still be valid and relevant to the conception and formulation of present Nepals security strategy/ policy. Ranadhoj Limbu Former Brigadier General, Nepal Army

Accomplishments :: essays papers

Accomplishments I have not had a single accomplishment that is worth writing about but I feel that my college completion will be one accomplishment that I will be most proud. I feel that I am taking one step forward in life that will make me become a more successful person. My High School life has helped shape the way for my college experiences that I will face. My senior year in high school is not the same as many other high school students. I am taking many advanced classes to help me prepare for college. These classes help me better understand exactly how much harder I must work to succeed. From my college experience, I hope to gain many things. Obviously college is a time that students can truly become individuals. When I attend college I will have the opportunity to become more independent and to take on new responsibilities. I have always relied on my parents for support, but at college I will be on my own and will have to push myself harder. This will help me to become more mature and will help me grow in character. I have long awaited for the time to be independent and now is the time that I shall prove myself. Right now I have a fairly accurate idea concerning what I want to do with my life. My love for computers has taken me a long way and I have a strong feeling that I will continue in the field of computer science. Yet, I am also aware that I may change my mind several times before I begin a career. College will introduce me to new and various things, and I will develop new interests from this exposure. The world of technology is changing rapidly and computers seem like the best way to go. When I combine that and my love for computers I am almost certain that the field of computer science is right for me. In college, I will also be exposed to new clubs and activities. I feel that club and after school activities can make a person more involved and give a person the right qualities to become a leader. Involvement in extra events has provided a balance for rigorous course study. With the pressures that college brings, I will probably want to be involved in many groups.

SAD in the Winter Essay -- Journalism Journalistic Essays

SAD in the Winter Could Seasonal Affective Disorder Be Disrupting the Lives of Northeastern Students? Becky Venne, a 31-year-old Northeastern graduate student, says she doesn’t socialize much in the winter. In fact, she claims that she finds it hard to get out of bed and spends most of her day watching T.V., satisfying her cravings for carbohydrates and starchy foods. We’ve all experienced it at some point or another. The weather gets colder, the days become shorter, and no matter how much sleep you had the night before, you still feel tired. These, along with weight gain and feelings of sadness and lethargy are common during the winter months. But what happens when these feelings become debilitating, and begin affecting one’s personal life? â€Å"There is a period of time that I think most people who have SAD realize there is more to it,† said Venne. â€Å"It wasn’t until I had some quiet time that I realized this isn’t normal.† What Venne is referring to is Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), a mood disorder that more commonly affects people of all ages in the Northern regions of the Unites States. Although most people experience some forms of depression during the winter months, SAD is diagnosed when this change in mood becomes debilitating, causing a sever impact on the daily life of the individual. Venne says she was diagnosed with SAD about five years ago, shortly after she moved to Boston. She describes her diagnoses as a long, drawn out process, jumping from doctor to doctor, until finally she found the right psychopharmacologist. Dr. Elisa Castillo works at the Center For Counseling at Northeastern University, where she works with many students who have been diagnosed with SAD. She explained that there are... ...the answer to SAD? Castillo suggests seeking help through Counseling, such as the Center for Counseling and Student Development. â€Å"The counseling center can provide support, help diagnose SAD, help with referrals to psychiatrists that have experience in this area and follow up with students to make sure the treatment is working,† said Castillo. Castillo also says that it is important to learn how to manage winter, and can be difficult, especially if someone has moved from a warmer climate to Boston. She recommends finding ways to exercise, socialize, and learn how to have fun both indoors and out. Venne agrees that it is important to find help if a person is experiencing symptoms of SAD. â€Å"Once I was able to realize what the problem was, I was able gain some sort of control,† said Venne. â€Å"I just take one day at a time, and know that summer is on its way.†