Management Information Systems Assignment Report

115. 107 Management Information Systems Assignment Report Contents Part 1 †ER Diagram2 Part 2 †Tables and Keys3 Part 3 †Queries4 Part 4: Spreadsheet channels and turn tables7 List of Figures Figure 1 †ER outline for occasion the executives arrangement of hotel2 Figure 2 †Query 1 QBE for staff allocation4 Figure 3 †Query 1 yield for staff allocation4 Figure 4 †Query 2 QBE for planned occasions start of October5 Figure 5 †Query 2 yield for booked occasions start of October5 Figure 6 †Query 2 database report for booked occasions start of October6Figure 7 †Query 3 QBE for all out number of enlisted participants6 Figure 8 †Query 3 yield for all out number of enrolled participants7 Figure 9 †Spreadsheet information without any filers or restrictive designing applied7 Figure 10 †Spreadsheet with the â€Å"show just occasions beginning after fifteenth October channel applied7 Figure 11 †Spreadsheet with the ‘show ju st occasions initiating after first November as underlined' contingent organizing applied8 Figure 12 †Pivot table8 Figure 13 †Pivot table as a bar chart8 List of TablesTable 1 †Attributes for ER graph for occasion the executives arrangement of hotel2 Table 2 †Attributes for ER graph for occasion the executives arrangement of hotel3 Part 1 †ER Diagram StaffMember Venue Event Registration Attendee Reserved for Manages Accept Makes Applies to 1.. * 1.. * 1 0.. * 0.. * 0.. * 0.. * Payment Accept 0.. * 0.. * 1 Gains passage Client System Presents 0.. * Record Details 1 0.. * Inputs 1.. * 1.. * Figure [ 1 ] †ER chart for occasion the executives arrangement of lodging Table [ 1 ] †Attributes for ER graph for occasion the board arrangement of inn Entity Type| Attributes| Key attribute|Venue| venueID, venueCapacity, venueDescription| venueID| Event| eventID, eventName, eventType, startDate, endDate, startTime, endTime, availableSpaces, eventFee| eventide| S taffMember| staffID, firstName, lastName, jobTitle | staffID| Registration | registrationID, registrationDate, eventID | registrationID| Attendee| attendeeID, firstName, lastName, title, companyName, contactAddress, phoneNo | attendeeID| Payment| paymentAmount, paymentDate, paymentType, paymentCredit, creditcardID, creditcardName, creditcardExpiry| paymentID| Client| clientName, companyName, contactAddress, contactPhone, clientIndustry, clientNeeds| clientID| System| systemClient, systemAttendee, systemVenues, systemInvoice, | systemID| Part 2 †Tables and Keys Table [ 2 ] †Attributes for ER outline for occasion the executives arrangement of inn Table| Column| Primary Key| Comments|VenueTbl| venueID, venueCapacity, venueDescription| venueID| | EventTbl| eventID, eventName, eventType, startDate, endDate, startTime, endTime, availableSpaces, eventFee, staffID| eventID| staffID is a remote key into StaffMemberTbl. | StaffMemberTbl| staffID, firstName, lastName, jobTitle | staf fID| | RegistrationTbl| registrationID, registrationDate ,eventID, attendeeID| registrationID| eventID is an outside key into EventTbl while attendeeID is a remote key into AttendeeTbl| attendeeID, firstName, lastName, title, companyName, contactAddress, phoneNo, eventID, registrationID| attendeeID| RegistrationID is an outside key into RegistrationTbl while occasion ID is an outside key into EventTbl. ReservedforTbl| eventID, venueID, attendeeID, | reserveID| eventID is a remote key into EventTbl while attendeeID is an outside key into AttendeeTbl| Part 3 †Queries Query 1 - StaffAllocation Figure [ 2 ] †Query 1 QBE for staff assignment Figure [ 3 ] †Query 1 yield for staff designation Query 2 †YearEndSchedule Figure [ 4 ] †Query 2 QBE for booked occasions start of October Figure [ 5 ] †Query 2 yield for planned occasions start of October **For obscure reasons, occasion 9, 16 and 17 isn't recorded in the item in any event, when the date falls inside the range as set out in the models. I have endeavored to adjust the models determination to cover between the date scope of 30/09/2011 †01/01/2050 and so forth however it has still neglected to come up. Inquiry 2 †Year End ReportFigure [ 6 ] †Query 2 database report for planned occasions start of October Query 3 †Registration Numbers Figure [ 7 ] †Query 3 QBE for complete number of enrolled members Figure [ 8 ] †Query 3 yield for absolute number of enlisted members Part 4: Spreadsheet channels and rotate tables Figure [ 9 ] †Spreadsheet information without any filTers or contingent organizing applied Figure [ 10 ] †Spreadsheet with the show just occasions beginning after fifteenth October channel applied Figure [ 11 ] †Spreadsheet with the ‘show just occasions initiating after first November as underlined' restrictive designing applied Figure [ 12 ] †Pivot table Figure [ 13 ] †Pivot table as a bar outline

A Doll House marriage essays

A Doll House marriage expositions Screenwriters use marriage in their attempts to exhibit the enthusiastic battle it takes for two individuals to remain really infatuated. There are three principle characteristics of marriage: correspondence, love in real life, and magnanimity. Ibsen plainly depicts these characteristics in his play, A Doll House. In this play, the two primary characters experiencing a conjugal battle are Nora and Torvald. The moves they make all through this play decide the destiny of their marriage. Correspondence is a major piece of marriage. On the off chance that there is no correspondence in a marriage it is a lot harder to remain in affection with the other individual. Close to the finish of the play, Nora finds her absence of correspondence with Torvald. Torvald likes to keep himself far off from Nora. He has his own investigation which she isn't permitted to enter except if she asks his consent. The greater part of the discussion seen all through the play is Torvald calling her his little squirrel and other pet names. At the finish of the play, Nora herself concedes that they have not once had a genuine discussion in their eight years of marriage. This absence of correspondence causes Nora to make one stride nearer to the entryway. Another principle some portion of marriage is love in real life. These are the moves one makes in light of the adoration they have for their accomplice. Nora exhibits this in one of her encounters with Dr. Rank. Nora and Dr. Rank have been dear companions for a long time. He goes to her home to visit her pretty much ordinary. On one visit, in any case, things didn't go as they regularly do. While sitting together Dr. Rank reveals to Nora that he cherishes her and that he has consistently adored her. He inquires as to whether she will go with him, since she doesn't appear to be content with Torvald. Nora adores Dr. Rank, however similarly as a companion. She was unable to consider being unfaithful to Torvald and leaving him for another man. Despite the fact that she wasn't completely upbeat there she chose to remain for Torvald. Nora may have considered the adoration she gave to him as she took her last st ... <!

My Monday (in Snaps)

My Monday (in Snaps) (Take a look at “My Monday” by Yuliya K. 18 for her day in the life at MIT post) 8:45: Wakeup. For real this time, after 10+ snoozes. 8:53: First snap! Of a TMAYD MIT (Tell Me About Your Day MIT) wristband. Happy Monday, MIT! Also my roommate picked up my first paycheck in our shared mailbox. Exciting stuff! 9:05: Depart Conner 5. Isn’t our elevator art on point? (We’re the Home of the Velociraptors, in case you were wondering) 9:06: Aaaand it’s cold outside at a crisp 45 degrees. But good thing I’m all bundled up though, with a beanie and down jacket. 9:10: Arrive at Johnson Arena, next to the Z-Center for skating practice. During practice, a friend from Technique, the yearbook, photography, and design club, drops by to take some pictures for her photography class project. 10:00: OK, so I woke up later than I intended, so my training session was cut short. Ideally I’d wake up early enough to skate the full session starting at 8am. Anyways, it’s time for breakfast! I always dig the chocolate milk, especially after practice! 10:45: Walk across Mass Ave and enter Lobby 7 on my way to take the 3.091 (Solid State Chem) midterm. Quick diversion: it’s a hackthe MIT Zoo! (Check out “A Collection of Curious Creatures at the MIT Zoo” by Chris Peterson for some great shots) 10:59: Got just a little distracted by the zoo animals, but I arrive at 10-250 with a few minutes to spare (on MIT time). T-6 mins before exam begins. 11:02: T-2 mins… Time to get calculator, pencil, eraser, periodic table, table of constants, and cheat sheet out. 11:04: Here we gooooo! OK, it’s time to put my phone away. 12:08: Walk out of 10-250 feeling WRECKED by the midterm. alksjdfiwejkndfv. I can’t even think straight anymore. My brain hurts. 12:10: Down the hall it’s Lobby 7! Lobby 7 is always on point. There’s light and beauty at the end of the hallway/tunnelthat’s what I’d like to think at least… Now off to Rotch Library to pset for 8.01 13:30: Still psetting. 13:45: Time to leave for 18.02 recitation. Back down to Lobby 7, and another chance to receive the full MIT Zoo experience, feat. dino, ¾ of cow, seal, and head of cow. 13:48: Oops. Forgot to get lunch. Run to Masseh to get food to-go. 13:57: Run through the Infinite, weaving through people to get to Building 66. 14:05: Made it just in time. We get back our 18.02 midterms that we took on Thursday. No time to look them overwe got material to cover. Today it’s line integrals. Fun stuff. 15:05: MAS.A19 seminar, aka “Designing Consumer Electronics” and held at the Media Lab which has to be the coolest building on campus. Snacks provided too! 17:10: Walking through the Infinite for the n-th time today, I am greeted by another zoo animal, this time it’s a circular cow hanging from the ceiling. Mooooo. 17:15: Make my way to Barker Library. The reading room is an amazing place to study (and to doze off) in. Nikola Tesla’s bust resides outside Barker. 18:20: Attempting to finish 8.01. Can’t figure out a part of a part of a problem. Noooooo. Time to go to office hours. 18:30: 8.01 office hours. Ask for help to figure out what I’m doing wrong. So I do it on the whiteboards again to double check my strategy. And it works! I can’t algebra, that’s why. Oops. 18:50: Walk thru Infinite for the infinith-time. This time I spot a hanging octopus. Yeeeeewalking thru the Infinite today has been so exciting! 18:51: I spy free food in Lobby 10. Time to snack up on some sandwiches. Have yet to eat dinner. 18:55: Cross Mass Ave once again. Building 7 looks on point at night. 19:00: Arrive at the TechX office in the Student Center for a meeting about organizing the Banquet for xFair, MIT’s spring career fair and expo. A futon is convenietnly opened up. Would love to take a nap, but it’s time to discuss logistics! Oh, and there’s also snacks stocked up in the room. Yay. 20:54. Time to eat dinner. Back again at Masseh. 21:05: Not too much time to waste. Back in the Infinite on my way to Building 2 for the general TechX Logistics Committee meeting. More discussion and planning and emails. 22:04: Meeting ended early! Finally back in Burton Conner after a full day out. Greeted by our floor’s uber cool light-up sign, which is reprogrammable. 22:06: Got an email that my Amazon shipment has arrived. Yay for Amazon Prime! Also 3.091 midterm grades released. I know right?! The average was a 63%. I did a lot better than I thought I did. I didnt fail. So yay! Two midterms down, one to go. (18.02 happened last week, 8.01 on Thursday) 22:20: Bought a card reader for CF memory card. Now I can transfer and edit photos that I took from a camera checked out from Technique, the yearbook, design, and photography club. 23:50: Done playing for the day. Back to psetting… 00:51: Finally done with the 8.01 pset! #success OK, its bedtime 01:00: ‘Night.

Spring Phenology and Climate Change

As spring arrives we notice the changing of seasons by the weather, but also by a host of natural events. Depending on where you live, the crocuses may poke through the snow, the killdeer may be back, or the cherry trees may bloom. There is an orderly sequence of events that seem to occur, with various spring flowers appearing in order, red maple buds bursting into new leaves, or the old lilac by the barn scenting the air. This seasonal cycle of natural phenomena is called phenology. Global climate change appears to be interfering with the phenology of many species, at the very heart of species interactions. What Is Phenology? In temperate regions like the northern half of the United States, there is comparatively little biological activity in winter. Most plants are dormant, and so are the insects feeding on them. In turn, animals that rely on these insects  such as bats and birds are hibernating or spending the cold months in more southerly locations. Ectotherms like reptiles and amphibians, which take their body warmth from their environment, also have active phases tied to the seasons. This long winter period constrains all the growing, breeding, and dispersing activities that plants and animals do to a short favorable window. That’s what makes spring so vibrant, with plants flowering and putting on new growth, insects emerging and breeding, and birds flying back to take advantage of this short-lived bounty. The onsets of each of these activities add up to so many phenological markers. What Triggers Phenological Events? Different organisms respond to different cues to initiate seasonal activities. Many plants will start growing leaves again after a set period of dormancy, which very roughly dictates the leaf-out window. Cue that more precisely determine when the buds break can be soil temperature, air temperature, or water availability. Similarly, temperature cues can promote the beginning of insect activity. Day length itself can be the operative trigger for some seasonal events. It is only when there are a sufficient number of daylight hours that reproductive hormones will be produced in many bird species. Why Are Scientists Concerned with Phenology? The most energy-demanding period in the life of most animals is when they reproduce. For that reason, it is to their advantage to coincide breeding (and for many, the raising of young) during a period when food is most abundant. Caterpillars should hatch just as the young tender leaves of oak tree emerge, before they harden and become less nutritious. Breeding songbirds need to time the hatching of their young just during that peak in caterpillar activity, so they can take advantage of this rich source of protein to feed their offspring. Many species have evolved to exploit peaks in resource availability, so all these seemingly independent phenological events are indeed part of a complex web of precise interactions. Disruptions in seasonal events can have profound effects on ecosystems. How Is Climate Change Affecting Phenology? The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, in a 2007 report, estimated that spring arrived earlier by 2.3 to 5.2 days per decade in the previous 30 years. Among hundreds of observed changes, the leafing out of ginkgo trees in Japan, the flowering of lilacs, and the arrival of warblers have all shifted earlier in the year. The problem is that not all these shifts happen at the same rate, if at all. For example: Winter moths have been timed to hatch just when the young oak leaves burst from their buds. With climate change, both have been happening earlier in the year, but significantly more so for the winter moth hatch. The young emerging caterpillars then starve and die.Some North American migratory songbirds have advanced their arrival data. However, at least one of the main tree species they forage on has shifted its leafing out even earlier. Birds might then be missing the peak in availability of insects that are found on these trees and provide the energy and protein needed by the birds at the beginning of their nesting season. These types of misalignment of important events in nature are called phenological mismatches. There is much research underway currently to recognize where these mismatches might be occurring.

Prescription Drug Abuse A Grave Epidemic - 917 Words

PRESCRIPTION DRUG ABUSE: A GRAVE EPIDEMIC James Fey East Tennessee State University Appalachia is a cultural, highland region of the southeastern US, containing the Appalachian Mountains, extending from Alabama up to Pennsylvania (CDC, 2010). Given its hallmark high poverty, low educational attainment and geographic isolation, the Appalachian region is a vulnerable priority population at a heightened risk for prescription drug abuse (CDC, 2010). As previously alluded to, the burden of opioid abuse and overdose deaths is substantially higher in Appalachia than other areas of the U.S. Since 1996, an increasing number of programs have provided the opioid antagonist naloxone hydrochloride, the method of choice to reverse the potentially fatal respiratory depression caused by overdose of heroin and other opioids (CDC, 2010). Community coalitions, law enforcement, concerned friends, families and good Samaritans alike have each asserted that naloxone’s virtually untapped potential to save lives is enormous. Adding further standing, naloxone is on the World Health Or ganization’s (WHO) model list of essential medicines and is described as, a safe drug with a low risk of serious side effects and that any adult capable of learning basic life support can also learn to recognize an opioid overdose, and administer naloxone in time to save lives. Another benefit is that naloxone is extremely cheap; available at less than $2 a dose in many countries Conversely, access toShow MoreRelatedCritical Issues Of School Counseling Essay1576 Words   |  7 PagesCritical Issues in School Counseling: Drugs in Schools Drugs within schools have been and continue to be a prevalent problem in our school systems; it is a problem that affects all ethnicities and social economic statuses, making this a significant issue. 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Environmental Legislation And Policy Of The Eu Engineering Essay Free Essays

string(142) " on International Civil Aviation besides known as the Chicago Convention, which aircrafts were non allowed to run in the EU after April 2002\." In the 19th century, steam engine, gasoline engine and technological machinery in industry were the chief subscribers for a noisy environment. With the development of Diesel engine, jet engines, addition in usage of faster industrial production machinery including building site machinery and increased volume of route traffic, all aggravated and intensified noise pollution in the 20th century.[ 1 ] Action to cut down environmental noise was non given any precedence when compared to other environmental jobs such as air and H2O pollution. We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental Legislation And Policy Of The Eu Engineering Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was argued in the Commission Green Paper that this deficiency of involvement in noise pollution was due to the fact that ‘noise is really much a local job with really varied perceptual experiences in different parts of the community as to the acceptableness of the job ‘ .[ 2 ] However although there was this deficiency of legal involvement in noise pollution, people non merely regarded noise as a constituent that deteriorates the environment but recognised besides that it is ‘unjustifiable intervention and infliction upon human comfort, wellness and the quality of modern life ‘[ 3 ]. Therefore the authoritiess, back in 1969 started modulating noise in assorted legislative acts. The European Commission in the ‘Future Noise Policy ‘ ( Green Paper ) pointed out that All member provinces have similar categorizations of the beginnings of environmental noise related to the different human activities: route traffic, rail traffic, air traffic, industry, civil technology and edifice site activities, recreational activities, out-of-door equipment ( such as gardening equipment ) .2 EC Legislation on Noise: the development of noise ordinance in the EU before the acceptance of the Directive 2002/49/EC Over the past 30 old ages, the EU ‘s environmental policy aims have been presented in Action Programme. The 2nd European Action Programme ( EAP ) 1978 developed the issue of noise suspension. It contained a whole chapter on steps against noise where it sets out risky effects that noise may hold on the human wellness. This EAP pointed out that member provinces have drawn up a figure of ordinances modulating noise emanations. Therefore in order to work out the job of haltering the common market, the community decided to follow an anti-noise policy.[ 4 ] Januaries hold that Community statute law on noise can loosely be divided into two classs. In the first topographic point there are a big figure of directives harmonizing national ordinances on anything from motor mowers to goods vehicles and ordering maximal allowable noise degrees. [ aˆÂ ¦ ] In the 2nd topographic point there is a certain sum of legislative activity in connexion with noise produced by aircrafts.[ 5 ] On the other manus, Miriam Markus-Johansson et Al in Handbook on the Implementation of EC Environmental Legislation, argued that the bing ‘noise control statute law can be divided into four classs: motor vehicles, airplanes, out-of-door equipment, and family contraptions ‘[ 6 ]. However the writers lack to do mention to statute law on railroad and besides industrial noise. Therefore I would state that there are five classs: route conveyance to include railroad besides motor vehicles and the 5th class would be industrial noise. Road Transport Motor vehicles Under EU statute law, motor vehicles are divided in two classs: motor vehicles with at least four wheels and motor vehicles with two- or three-wheel. Noise from motor vehicles with at least four wheels Bing the chief subscriber to environmental noise particularly in urban countries, the European Union sought to harmonize noise demands for route vehicles back in 1970, through Directive 70/157/EC. Add to this the directive introduced bounds on sound degrees of route vehicles and specific processs for mensurating sound degrees of exhaust systems and silencers.[ 7 ] Noise from two and three wheel motor vehicles Mopeds and bikes are another major route traffic noise subscribers chiefly due to reckless driving behavior and / or meddling of the fumes system. Directing 97/24/EC establishes allowable sound bounds from two and three wheel vehicles and demands for exhaust systems, including replacing parts, and provides steps to counter tampering.10 Directing 2001/43/EC regulates noise bounds generated by motor vehicles and dawdlers Surs where the Surs meet the route. ‘These bounds differentiate between vehicle type ( autos, new waves and trucks ) and tyre breadth ( 5 categories ) and will be enforced by including tyre noise trials in EC type-approval certification demands, which must be met for any Sur to be placed on the EU market ‘ .[ 8 ] Railwaies A figure of enterprises where undertaken by the European Commission to restrict railroad noise. It even set up a ‘Railway ‘ working group in order to lucubrate the proficient and economic facets of the decrease of noise emanations from rail conveyance systems.[ 9 ] Directing 96/48/EC on the interoperability of the trans-European high-speed rail system, which has been detailed further through: Commission Decision 2002/735/EC on proficient specifications for interoperability ( TSI ) associating to high-speed turn overing stock Commission Decision 2002/732/EC on proficient specifications for interoperability ( TSI ) associating to high-velocity railroad substructure Directing 2001/16/EC on the interoperability of the conventional trans-European rail system, supplemented by: Commission Decision 2004/446/EC stipulating the basic parametric quantities of the Noise, Freight Wagons and Telematic applications for freight proficient specifications for interoperability referred to in Directive 2001/16/EC Directing 2004/50/EC of 29 April 2004 amending Council Directive 96/48/EC and Directive 2001/16/EC Commission Decision 2006/66/EC refering the proficient specifications for interoperability relating to the subsystem turn overing stock – noise Air Transport Aircraft noise was foremost regulated by the European Commission in 1979 through Directive 80/51/EEC which was followed by Directive 89/629/EEC. The former trades with restrictions of noise emanations from subsonic aircraft registered in the district of member provinces ( which was later extended by Directive 83/206/EEC to include aircrafts from non-EU member provinces but winging to EU finishs ) , while the latter directive prohibited noisy aircraft from being registered in member provinces. Following these two directives was Directive 92/14/EEC which was based on criterions of the International Civil Aviation Organisation ( ICAO ) , to censor the noisiest aircraft from European airdromes, that is, aircrafts covered by Chapter 2 of Annex 16 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation besides known as the Chicago Convention, which aircrafts were non allowed to run in the EU after April 2002. You read "Environmental Legislation And Policy Of The Eu Engineering Essay" in category "Essay examples" Another directive based on one of ICAO ‘s declarations is Directing 2002/30/EC where it applies the rule of balanced attack to resound direction around airdromes. This attack comprises four chief elements: decrease of aircraft noise at beginning, land-use planning and direction steps, noise suspensions operational processs and runing limitations.[ 10 ] Outdoor Equipment The EU Commission drew up at least seven directives covering noise from assorted out-of-door equipment, whereby it regulated allowable noise degrees, noise degree taging affixed on the equipment, and noise measurings criterion of about 57 points ( i.e. 63 types of machinery ) . To simplify affairs the European Parliament and Council adopted Directive 2000/14/EC associating to resound emanation in the environment from equipment for usage out-of-doorss. The chief characteristics of this directive are ‘harmonisation of noise emanation bounds and criterions, harmonization of conformance appraisal processs, harmonization of noise degree marker and digest of informations on noise emanations ‘ .[ 11 ] Industrial Noise Industrial noise is covered by the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control ( IPPC ) Directive 96/61/EC whereby member provinces ‘ governments must take the issue of noise into consideration when publishing licenses to operators of the big industrial and agricultural installings. This directive is applicable besides to bing installings that are to undergo a significant change.15 Family Appliances Noise Although the directing relating with this type of noise is rather recent and has been regulated for after Directive 2002/49 EC came into force, I think it is of import to do a speedy mention to this directive. ‘Directive 2005/32/EC established a model for the scene of eco-design demands for energy-using merchandises, provides criterions and processs regulating the proviso of accurate information on the noise degree of family application ‘ .[ 12 ] The Salient Features of Directive 2002/49/EC The range of this directive is to modulate environmental noise to which worlds are exposed in built-up countries, in public Parkss or other quiet countries†¦[ 13 ] However, this directive does non use to resound that is caused by the open individuals himself, noise from domestic activities, noise created by neighbors, noise at work topographic points or noise indoors means of conveyance or due to military activities in military countries.[ 14 ] Article 3 ( a ) of the Environmental Noise Directive ( END ) define environmental noise as unwanted[ 15 ]or harmful out-of-door sound created by human activities, including noise emitted by agencies of conveyance, route traffic, rail traffic, air traffic and from sites of industrial activity.[ 16 ] The purpose of this directive is to specify a common attack intended to avoid, prevent or cut down on a prioritised footing the harmful effects[ 17 ], including irritation, due to exposure to environmental noise. Further aims of the said directing include that information on environmental noise and its consequence is made available to the populace, there is to be noise function and besides the acceptance of action programs by the Member States. This leads me to the outstanding characteristic of END. Noise function Directing 2002/49/EC set up the construct of strategic noise function whereby appraisal is made in an country which is exposed to resound due to different noise beginnings. This is extremely regulated under Annex IV of the said Directive. By 18 July 2005 member provinces were to do available to the public information sing which is the competent authorization to pull the noise maps. Furthermore, from 30 June 2005 and thenceforth every five old ages, member provinces are to inform the Commission of the major roads which have more than six million vehicle riders a twelvemonth, railroads which have more than 60,000 train rider a twelvemonth, major airdromes and the agglomerations with more than 250,000 dwellers within their district. By 30 June 2007, strategic noise maps demoing the state of affairs of the predating twelvemonth were to be drawn up – the first phase. Then we have the 2nd phase, 30 June 2008, where once more member provinces were to inform the Commission of agglomeration with more than 100,000 dwellers, major roads with three million vehicles, major railroads with 30,000 rider and airdromes remained unchanged. Then by 30 June 2012 another set of strategic noise maps are to be drawn up demoing the sta te of affairs in the old calendar old ages. Noise maps must be reviewed, and revised if necessary, every five old ages.[ 18 ] Action programs Action programs are aimed at pull offing noise issues and effects, including noise decrease if necessary. They must run into the minimal demands set out in Annex V to the Directive. Not subsequently than 18 July 2008, action programs must be drawn up for major roads which have more than six million vehicle transitions a twelvemonth, railroads which have more than 60,000 train transitions per twelvemonth, major airdromes and agglomerations with more than 250,000 dwellers. Add to this, non subsequently than 18 July 2013, another set of action programs must be drawn up for all major agglomerations, major airdromes, major roads and major railroads. The action programs are to be reviewed when a major development occurs impacting the bing noise state of affairs, and at least every five old ages. Through the action program, the competent authorization is to pull off noise issues in mapped countries and besides protect quiet countries against an addition in noise.[ 19 ] Information for the citizen Member provinces are to guarantee that a public audience is organised and the consequences thereof are taken into history before the action programs are approved. Member provinces are to guarantee that the strategic noise maps and the action programs are made available and disseminated to the populace in conformance with Annex IV and V to Directive 2002/49/EC, thereby affecting the citizens. Decision What is the chief differentiation between the directives prior to Directive 2002/49/EC and Directive 2002/49/EC itself? For more than 30 old ages, European noise policy consisted chiefly of repairing maximal sound degrees through statute law with a position to finish the individual market. As such this has non been conceived as portion of an overall environmental noise abatement plan. As already pointed out, the directives dealt with motor vehicles, aircraft, trains and railroad, industrial machinery and family contraptions. On the other manus, Directing 2002/49/EC does non put maximal degrees of noise but aims to supply a common footing for undertaking noise jobs across the EU, therefore switching from pollution control to pollution bar[ 20 ]i.e. it seeks to harmonize noise indexs and portray the information in the signifier of noise maps and do such information available to the populace. The member states competent governments ( in Malta being the MEPA ) are to pull up strategic noise maps for major roads, railroads and airdromes and agglomerations utilizing consonant noise indexs.[ 21 ]Therefore th is directive ‘does non seek to put common Europe-wide noise bounds ‘ but ‘it will organize the footing for end puting for betterment at the EU degree and for the development of an EU scheme including steps ‘ .[ 22 ] I believe that the End came approximately because during the past 15 old ages or more there was no important betterment in exposure to environment noise particularly route traffic noise. The enlargement of high velocity rail and growing in air conveyance besides played their portion to farther addition environmental noise.[ 23 ]‘The Numberss of people populating in so called ‘grey countries ‘ has increased. It has been estimated that around 20 per centum of the Union ‘s population or shut to 80 million people suffer from noise degrees that scientists and wellness experts consider to be unacceptable. Additionally over the past two decennaries leisure activities and touristry have created new musca volitanss and new beginnings of noise ‘ .[ 24 ] Thankss to statute law and technological advancement important decreases of noise from single beginnings have been achieved. For illustration the noise from single autos has been reduced by 85 % since 1970 and the noise from lorries by 90 % . Likewise for aircraft footmark around an airdrome made by a modern jet has been reduced by a factor of 9 compared to an aircraft with 1970s engineering. Another cardinal differentiation is that of shared duty between the Community and Member States. The green paper back in 1996 held that The local nature of noise jobs does non intend that all action is best taken at local degree, as beginnings of noise are non ever of local beginning.[ 25 ] How to cite Environmental Legislation And Policy Of The Eu Engineering Essay, Essay examples

Electronics Contracts Communications

Question: Discuss about theElectronics Contracts for Communications. Answer: Introduction Most consumer contracts today are carried out by electronic communications[1] which are defined broadly to include major forms of communications, such as; e-mail, SMS, uploading on websites among others, that are used to facilitate electronic commerce.[2] Electronic commerce is the processing and transmission of data in commercial transactions electronically.[3] From a legal viewpoint, the major challenge arising from contacts effected by electronic means is the application of traditional principles of contract law to a system that is paperless and often encompassing different jurisdictions.[4] The legal issues arising from e-commerce include; identifying the existence of an offer and an acceptance, intention to be legally bound, identification of legal capacity and authority as well as the legislation affecting the alleged contract, especially where various jurisdictions are in place.[5] Enacted as well as unenacted law, by way of statute and judge-made case law, that constitutes Au stralian Business Law has adapted over the years to encompass e-commerce.[6]This paper aims to outline the creation of contracts by electronic means and the position of Australian law on the validity and enforceability of such contracts. This will be achieved by comparing the formation of electronic contracts to traditional contracts and analysing the difference while focusing on the legal provisions with regard to these differences. Necessities to a Contract The enforceability of a contract depends on the existence of; an offer outlining the terms, a clear acceptance by the offeree which is related efficiently to the offeror, supporting consideration or a benefit accruing to both parties, the intention to create a legally binding relationship and the legal capacity to contract.[7] According to Cheshire, Fitfoot and Furmston, an offer contains a distinct promise to be legally bound where certain conditions are met.[8] An acceptance, on the other hand, is the communication by the offeree to the offeror that they agree with the conditions set, and they accept to be legally bound by them.[9] Consideration is the price or benefit required in exchange for the promise which can be in monetary terms or otherwise.[10] In addition to consideration, it is important that parties demonstrate an intention to be legally bound by their agreement for it to suffice as a contract.[11] The final essential requirement for a contract to exist is capacity. Thi s is the expectation that contracting parties are of sound mind and have attained the legal age required to take on contractual obligations.[12] Generally, electronic contracts consist of the same features as those contained in paper contracts in that they require an agreement, consideration, intent and capacity to contract and for this reason most traditional contract law principles apply.[13] The distinguishing factors, however, lie in identifying when the agreement occurs, identifying intent, verifying identity and legal capacity of parties and determining the laws to apply should a dispute arise.[14] This is mainly because; e-contracts are paperless, not face to face and can easily be formed across borders.[15] An issue that takes up great significance today is whether electronic contracts satisfy the in writing requirement that has previously been the norm with contract law.[16] In addition to this, the verifiability of parties, especially where evidence of capacity and intention to contract is required, has proved to be a challenge over the years,[17] Time and dispatch are other distinguishing areas between paper contra cts and electronic contracts that create debate with regard to when an offer is accepted. This refers to identifying how, where and when the contract was created.[18] The questions raised in these areas provide the distinguishing features between paper contracts and electronic ones. An Offer versus an Invitation to Treat It is important to note that with relation to electronic offers, how an offer appears is more important than the intent of the offeror as the existence of an offer is determined by the interpretation of a reasonable person.[19] This, therefore, creates a thin line between what would be construed as an offer but is, in fact, an invitation to treat. It is therefore expected that business owners or vendors be careful with their wording on electronic communications as terms can unexpectedly become enforceable contracts.[20] This was illustrated in Stellard Pty Ltd Anor v North Queensland Fuel Pty Ltd [2015] QSC 119 where the court found the vendors email negotiations to constitute a valid binding contract even if they did not intend it to be so. The Law on Electronic Contracts In 1997, the Wallis Report identified the need to adopt proper internationally accepted standards of electronic commerce in Australia.[21] It made various recommendations to this effect including amending legislation to permit appropriate use of digital signatures, amending Evidence Acts to recognise electronic transactions and record-keeping as well as endorsing the public key authentication system.[22] In 1999, guided by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Laws Model Law (UNCITALs Model Law), the Commonwealth enacted the Electronic Transactions Act 1999 (ETA) (Cth) so as to develop Australias economy.[23] The Federal Attorney General at the time of its enactment stated that it would facilitate the achievement of uniform legislation so as to remove any legal restrictions facing electronic transactions.[24] Over the years, various territories and states in Australia have enacted parallel legislation, such as Electronic Transactions Act 2000 (Vic), to provide a legal framework that ensures equal treatment of paper-based as well as electronic contracts.[25] According to the ETA 1999 (Cth), facilitating a transaction electronically does not make it invalid.[26] It further allows for the submission of information electronically where it is required in writing,[27] which includes submission of a signature electronically where such is required.[28] Additionally, where the production of a document is required to facilitate a transaction, an electronic production of the required document is accepted if it can prove to maintain the integrity of the documents contents.[29] Furthermore, if written records are required of certain information, the requirement is considered fulfilled if the information is recorded in electronic form.[30] These are some of the provisions of the ETA 1999 to ensure similar treatment of paper-based commerce and electronic commerce as well as ensure non-discrimination among different technological forms.[31] As aforementioned, the in writing requirement of contract law has posed a lot of debate with regard to electronic contracts. In Mehta v J Pereria Fernandes S.A [2006] EWHC 813 (CL) the court held that an email was a memorandum of alleged agreement and thus satisfied the written requirements of the Statute of Frauds.[32] However in Segal v Donnelly [2012] NSWSC 833, Bergin CJ rejected the notion of an email constituting a memorandum under the Conveyancing Act 1919.[33] However, the position of statute is clear with regard to this requirement that a contract effected electronically, where written means are required will not be void. In order to determine the moment a contract is formed, time and dispatch of goods are to be considered.[34] The ETA 1999 (Cth) describes the time of dispatch as when electronic communication leaves the information system under the originator's control;[35] while the time of receipt is when the communication becomes retrievable by the person to whom it was sent.[36] At common law, two rules have been developed to determine the formation of a contract based on time and dispatch; these are the postal rule and the receipt rule.[37] Under the postal rule, an acceptance is considered to take effect when the letter is posted regardless of whether the offeror has received notice of the acceptance.[38] This rule was established in Adams v Lindsell (1818) 106 ER 250, where the court held that as soon as the letter of acceptance was posted, the contract was valid regardless of the delay that had causes the defendant to contract elsewhere. The receipt rule, however, considers a contract as creat ed once acceptance is received.[39] In Entorres v Miles Far East [1955] 2 QB 327 CA, the contract was considered formed when the telex was received making it subject to English law. Where communication of acceptance is instantaneous, common law requires that a contract is formed when upon receipt of acceptance.[40] Therefore, in respect to online contracts, it is expected that the receipt rule will apply as they involve real-time instantaneous communications.[41] Methods of Accepting Contracts The methods of accepting terms and conditions of a contract online include the click-wrap agreement, the browse-wrap agreements and the web-wrap agreements.[42] A click-wrap agreement occurs where the contract terms are located on the same page as the I Agree button and the customer is expected to go through them then agree to the conditions in order to continue with the service.[43] They are highly likely to be enforceable unlike the browse-wrap agreements which do not have the terms and conditions on the same page but provide a hyperlink to them.[44] Web-wrap agreements generally indicate that the internet will not interfere with contract formation.[45] In Forrest v Verizon Communications Inc. District of Columbia Courts Appeals (2002), Verizon customers had signed up for a service online which contained a click-wrap license that appeared partially in a small window on the screen. The court held that the scroll box adequately and reasonably communicated the terms to the plaintiff. The leading decision in browse-wrap cases is Specht v Netscape Communications Corp., 150 F. Supp. 2d 585 (S.D.N.Y. 2001), where the court held that please review found on the defendants site was an invitation and not a condition therefore making it unenforceable. The court in Comb v PayPal Inc. Case Number C-02-1227[46] also dismissed the validity of terms in a browse-wrap agreement where the link to the user agreement was visible but not necessary to process the application. Electronic Signatures An electronic signature is any method employed to put a signature into an electronic message.[47] UNCITRALs Model Law defines electronic signatures as electronic information, attached to a message and used to identify the signatory of the message and indicate the their approval of the information contained therein.[48] Under Australian law, electronic signatures are recognised as having the same effect on a contract as handwritten signatures.[49] The Electronic Commerce Expert Group identified the functions of a signature as reliance, record-keeping, evidentiary, channelling and cautionary.[50] However, they must satisfy some qualifications before they are considered useful. These include, consent by the recipient is required to receive information electronically, there should be a method of signing employed to identify the person sending the information and finally, the method of signing must be reliable and appropriate.[51] The qualifications applied are reflected in each of the ET As.[52] In Mehta v J Pereria Fernandes S.A [2006] EWHC, a plaintiff, now the respondent, had been awarded 25,000 in an amount allegedly guaranteed by the defendant via an unsigned email. The court held that a contract existed by virtue of the email satisfying the written requirements of the Statute of Fraud; however, the email address at the heading did not constitute an electronic signature. A typed name could, therefore, be considered as a signature but the placement of the name on the document should be considered to identify whether it may be construed that the signatory agrees and adopts the contents of the email. Verification and authentication are still a risk with electronic signatures. It is difficult to prove the identity of the signatory without witnesses and there is also a risk of alteration of the contract content even after signing.[53] In order to minimise these risks, parties are encouraged to apply digital signatures and employ digital signature certification systems.[54] Digital signatures are a subset of electronic signatures which employ encryption technology to associate a signature with hidden information used in electronic communication.[55] With digital signatures, public and private keys are generated to which identity verification as well as ensure that the content of the contracts is not altered.[56] Digital signature certificates are characterised by high-level security and employ stringent identity checks prior to their issue.[57] However, despite these measures, there remains the risk that the data regarding the parties identity is incorrect.[58] Additionally, private keys are only useful to the extent that they are kept secret.[59] Biometric authentication, IP address tracking and time stamps, among other techniques, can be applied to mitigate these risks. Mistake in Electronic Contracts The ETA 1999 (Cth) provides for mistakes in electronic contracts where a person creates an error during communication with an automated system and the system does not avail an opportunity to correct the error. The Act gives the right to withdraw the errored portion. This right is to withdraw only a portion of the errored communications does not constitute a right to rescind the contract. However, circumstances may arise that render communication ineffective as a result of a withdrawal.[60] Conclusion With the ever-changing fast-developing world of technology, legislation has had to adapt to include the concept of electronic commerce. As defined, electronic commerce is simply conducting commercial transactions via electronic devices such as computers, mobile phones, facsimiles among others. Electronic contracts have emanated from these transactions that have elicited great discourse in the legal field. In an effort to understand the formation, validity as well as enforceability of contracts created by electronic means, the study sought to analyse the formation and execution of these contracts in comparison to the traditional paper-based contracts. It is clear that the law has evolved to embrace electronic contracts. This is evidenced by the fact that an electronic contract is seen to satisfy the in writing requirement where written contracts are required. Electronic signatures are also considered in most circumstances where a wet-ink signature would be required. However, it is imp ortant to note that not all circumstances allow for an electronic contract to suffice where a written one is required. For example, as aforementioned, wills, codicils among other testaments are still required in writing. As technology continues to develop, it is expected that the law will continue to adapt accordingly. Bibliography A Articles/Books/Reports Matthew Groves, Law and Government in Australia (Federation Press, 2005). Peter Moran, The Paperless Contract (15 June 2015) Norton Gledhill https://www.nortongledhill.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/The-Paperless-Contract.pdf Alan Davidson, The Law of Eelectronic Commerce (Cambridge University Press, 2009) Philip Argy, Nicholas Martin and Mallesons Stephen Jacques, The Effective Formation of Contracts by Electronic Means (2001) https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/ANZCompuLawJl/2001/33.pdf Eugene Clark, Cyber Law in Australia (Kluwer Law International, 2010). Paul Latimer, Australian Business Law (CCH Australia Limited, 2012). M.P Furmston, Geoffrey Chesire and Cecil Herbert Fitfoot, Chesire, Fitfoot and Furmstons Law of Contract (Oxford University Press, 2012). Julie Clarke, Australian Contract Law:Formation https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/formation.html Eugene Clark, Cyber Law in Australia (Kluwer Law International, 2010). Ewan Mckendrick and Qiao Liu, Contract Law: Australian Edition (Palgrave Macmillan, 2015). Alan L Tyree, Electronic Signatures https://austlii.edu.au/~alan/electronic-signatures.html Aashish Srivastava, Electronic Signatures for B2B Contracts: Evidence from Australia (Springer Science Business Media, 2012) Hayden Delaney and Briar Francis, Electronic Signatures and their Validity in Australian Law (2015) https://www.findlaw.com.au/articles/5777/electronic-signatures-and-their-legal-validity-in-.aspx Beatson and J. Cartwright, Ansons Law of Contract (Oxford University Press, 2016) Andy Gibson and Douglas Fraser, Business Law 2014, (Pearson Higher Education AU, 2013) Ella Van der Merwe, Sale of Land Email Exchange Forms Binding Contract of Sale (May 2015) https://www.hunthunt.com.au/SiteMedia/W3SVC1265/Uploads/Documents/CaseNote_2015-05-Stellard.pdf Andrew Lind and James Tan, Enforceability of Online Contracts in Australia Corney Lind Lawyers https://www.corneyandlind.com.au/resource-centre/commercial/enforceability-of-online-contracts-in-australia/

Darwins Origin Of The Species Essays - Evolutionary Biology

Darwin's Origin Of The Species Darwin is considered the father of evolution. In truth, Darwin arrived at his theory of evolution at the same time another scientist, Alfred Russell Wallace, came to the same conclusion. However, Darwin was a respected scientist even before he wrote On the Origin of Species, while Wallace was relatively unknown, so people were more inclined to listen to Darwin. Origin enjoyed immediate success: its first printing sold out immediately and a second printing following a month later. Darwin's ideas found their way out of the scientific world and into the business world and even society itself. In many senses, Darwin's theories created a societal transformation. Darwin's theory consisted of two main points; 1) diverse groups of animals evolve from one or a few common ancestors; 2) the mechanism by which this evolution takes place is natural selection. This SparkNote will first take a look at Origin of the Species, and then more closely examine Darwin's theories. Darwin's theory of evolution, also called Darwinism, can be further divided into 5 parts: evolution as such, common descent, gradualism, population speciation, and natural selection. Types of natural selection are discussed in the Natural Selection SparkNote, and types of speciation are discussed in the Speciation SparkNote. The modern understanding of the process of natural selection is discussed in further detail in Synthesis of Darwin and Genetics. Science

Justifying the Ways of Miltons Ideal Description Essays - Literature

Justifying the Ways of Miltons Ideal Description Essays - Literature Justifying the Ways of Miltons Ideal Description Dr. Ahmad-zadeh Term Project on Milton 1.21.2015 Justifying the Ways of Miltons Ideal Description Milton in his Paradise Lost has taken the challenge to represent both the prelapsarian and postlapsarian world. It is a seriously demanding challenge since he has to describe the prelapsarian environment as a so idealistic and perfect place that the fall becomes pitiful and disgraceful; and if he fails, the reader may not grasp the importance of the fall; the loss shall be the loss of an ideal to make its effect. So the idealistic description of Eden, mans idyllic place before the fall, is the burden on Miltons shoulder. This paper illustrates how Milton draws on the classical literature and conventions, like lucus amoenus and Tempe to portray his Eden and how and why he sometimes rejects the materials he is using at the same time. Of course whether Milton was successful or not in his portrayal of the Garden of Eden has been highly controversial. David Hopkinson in his Reading Paradise Lost gives us some examples of Miltons different critics commenting on his success or failure; Jonathan Richardsons (father and son) highly admired the representation believing Nature (is represented) as just come out of the hand of God (qtd. In 43); Joseph Addison believed the reader during the whole course of action, always finds himself in the walks of paradise. (qtd. In 44) While Colerdige and even Samuel Johnson are cited as those who have written favorably about Miltons portrayal, E.M.W. Tillyard and John Carey are mentioned as disappointed critics, Alidoust | 2 finding Eden to be a bore. (44-45) Carey believes Milton has not been able to make life in Paradise seem happy or beautiful (qtd. In 44). The controversy on his success goes on. Without any claim of objectivity, I state my own interpretation that he chooses the best style to represent what is impossible to represent, the pure Edenic beauty. First I discuss the topoi lucus amoenus, then the Tempe and finally I will come to his rejection of the classical materials during the discussion of his application of mythological landscapes. Locus Amoenus Lovely, ideal landscapes have been portrayed in literary works since the classical authors. Their portrayals later turned into a rhetorical style named locus amoenus. The seminal work discussing this topoi is E.R. Curtiuss European Literature and The Latin Middle ages; Knowing Homers landscapes the beginner of this tradition, he draws on a passage by Virgil to illustrate locus amoenus. On his journey through the other world, Aeneas comes to Elysium (Aen., VI, 638 ff.): Devenere locos laetos et amoena virecta Fortunatorum nemorum sedesque beatas. Largior his campos aether et lumine vestit Purpureo, solemque suum, sua sidera norunt. (To joyous sites they came and lovely lawns, Blest seats, in woods which no misfortune scathes; Alidoust | 3 Fields clothed in ampler air, bathed in new light, Purpletheir own sun sheds it, their own stars.) (190) Curtius then elaborates on the etymology of locus amoenus: In the first line the word amoenus (pleasant, lovely) is used. It is Virgils constant epithet for beautiful nature (e.g., Aeneid, V, 734 and VII, 30). The commentator Servius connected the word with amor (the same relationship, that is, as between love and lovely). Lovely places are such as only give pleasure, that is, are not cultivated for useful purposes (loca solius voluptatis plena unde nullus fructus exsolvitur.) (190-191). The essential features of lucus amoenus are according to Curtuius: a beautiful, shaded natural site; Its minimum ingredients comprise a tree (or several trees), a meadow, and a spring or brook. Birdsong and flowers may be added. The most elaborate examples also add a breeze. (195) These features are available throughout Miltons portrayal of Eden in his Paradise Lost. The following passage from book IV can be accounted, in Curtiuss words, an elaborate example of lucus amoenus, since it takes advantage of Zephyr, a soft gentle breeze which according to its etymology comes from Zephuros, god of the west wind (OED): . . Under a tuft of shade that on a green Stood whispering soft, by a fresh Fountain side They sat them down, and after no more toil Of thir sweet Gardning labour then sufficd To recommend coole Zephyr, and made ease More easie (IV 325-330) Alidoust | 4 Therefore we see how Milton invokes the tradition of portraying ideal landscapes to portray the first of all the worlds landscapes (Hinds 124). The next classical element widely used in Paradise Lost is Tempe. Tempe: Wild Forrest Curtius mentions a second element regarding the stylistic heritage of the classics: Tempe

Men and Masculinities - What critiques have been offered of Connell's Research Paper

Men and Masculinities - What critiques have been offered of Connell's notion of 'hegemonic masculinity' Do you agree wi - Research Paper Example 253). Connell and colleagues (1985, p. 552) were the first to break the ice by introducing the idea that men and masculinity were all produced by the relationship that the women enabled them to, which in turn gave rise to the patriarchal system of society, politics, and family organisation. While their idea was met with either insightful or defensive criticisms, the work was very influential in the sense that many other authors were also able to create input in the study of masculinity and gender studies. The revolutionary idea that in order for the feminist movement to become truly successful, there must also be changes for the men’s part as well is now even more relevant than ever, and by bringing in the focus on how to tame the prevailing patriarchal culture, the proper changes in the societal definition of masculinity can possibly be challenged and renovated along with the change in the gender roles of modern society. The main questions that challenge the idea that hegemon ic masculinity is normal are: how the collective actions and ideas of most men were able to make dominance over women and other men seem normal and enjoyable; why these same men and women allow such dominance to exist; and how can gender equality be achieved by initiating resistance to the prevailing norm of hegemonic masculinity (Levy, 2007, p. 253). A possible idea for this is that hegemonic masculinity was a concept, created as a culturally idealised subject on how a man should think or act in the society (Donaldson, 1993, p. 645). Over a period of several generations, this kind of thinking incorporated other elements such as being highly-differentiated in most societal classes, brutality and violence, as well as being tough and unemotional. These traits became the large set of ideals that men follow in order to become the role model male, which basically did not change for several thousands of years. The family with the breadwinner status becomes the head of the household due to the additional input and exertion given to support the family. This gives him or her greater control over other members of the family despite having supposed equal rights with the spouse. This became the norm for most men in earlier societies due to them having greater strength than the women. Because of the rising dominance of manual labour in many societies, it eventually created a culture where men are seen mostly as those that have greater edge over women that mostly stay at home. When particular groups of men were able to inhabit positions of wealth and power due to the rise in social classes, they were also able to legitimise other aspects that would further give them greater dominance not just to other males and females, but to the greater part of the society as a whole (Carrigan, et al., 1985, p. 554). This particular group of dominant males become even more well-known within the society, thus exuding greater influence over other males as well. By observing rulers or other leaders of some sort, they become people that other males look up to, and wish to be, and the innate characteristics that these leader-figures have become the idealised characteristics that males are supposed to have. However, despite being the collective concept of what the ideal male

Yojimbo supplies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Yojimbo supplies - Essay Example d their associated products; a list of sales staff, their supervisors and their current associated order values; and a list of customers and their current live orders. For purchasing, the Yojimbo Supplies Ltd (Miss Phillipa Howey, The Purchasing Head) wants to store all the details of suppliers and setting up purchase orders along with a list of all the live orders and their associated products; a list of all live orders and their associated suppliers; and a list of all food products with a stock level near to minimum stock level (re-order level.). Customers: The receiving end of the Yojimbo Supplies Ltd are public and trade outlets, general shops and individual and business customers. At presently they places and receives order manually on paper and after implementation of Information system, they will be able to place and track their order online. Actors: The actors are the staffs (sales & purchasing) of the Yojimbo Supplies Ltd, and all types of customers who place order. Implementation of Information system will make tracking of sales-orders/purchase-orders easier for both staffs and customers. Because of this staff can efficiently do their job and customers can easily place and track their orders. Transformations: Two types of process; sale-order processing and purchase-order processing are performed at presently. At presently, customer place order, which is processed by sales staff and delivered. In addition, purchasing department raise purchase order and send it to supplier for receiving of orders at stock. World View: At presently, the Yojimbo Supplies Ltd has no information system for sales-order processing and purchasing. In addition, there is no suitable existing off-the-self software available in market that will suit the need of the Yojimbo Supplies Ltd. This analysis will be able to propose a suitable Information system that can suit the need of the Yojimbo Supplies Ltd. Owner: There are two types of process; sales and purchasing, which are

Social Networking In Businesses

Social Networking In Businesses Gaining the trust and friendships of your customers is crucial in the business world today. But how do you get your new or growing businesss name out there and trusted by your customers? Social Networking may be able to help with that. These organizations can help you develop the trust that ultimately creates influence among your customers(Safko 21). There are however some people who dont know what social networking for businesses is, social networking occurs when a group of like-minded people interact online to share interests or concerns, collaborate, give and seek advice, and offer one another assistance or support(Lindsell-Roberts 4). From photo sharing to just keeping up with contacts, social networking is starting to show up in businesses everywhere. Is it really helping, or are these large and small businesses just jumping on the bandwagon? There is a vast amount of different companies and organizations that connect billions of people every day such as Facebook, LinkedIn, Fast Pitch!, and Twitter. All of these organizations offer almost the same service but they all vary in many ways. These aforementioned forms of social media/networks arent the only kinds that are usual in businesses. There are a million ways a professional can get their business into a social network, and known to the social media. Some of the major well known social networks are Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, and Fast Pitch!. First I am going to talk about these well known and commonly used services and how they help and some of the ways you can use them. Every day millions of people log into Facebook to connect with millions of other people, all these people talk to each other, if you have one hundred connections on Facebook, and each of those connections has one hundred connections, youll be two links away from ten thousand connections. If each of those ten thousand connections has 100 connections, youll be three links away from one million connections (Lindsell-Roberts 1). Users over the age of 30 are starting to use Facebook, many of these users speak their political beliefs and speak freely to other users with the same beliefs. That being said, these users are highly valuable when using a Facebook profile for your business because these people can all see what the other person has to share on their profile. They can offer advertisement of your business through just word of mouth to over millions of people in a single day. Businesses can also utilize Facebook to advertise, for example, with the election going on for the next presi dent the candidates are advertising their campaign in posts and blogs to win over votes of the users they attract with these advertisements. You can also use Facebook to target consumers specific to a certain geographic location. Another social network businesses can utilize is called Fast Pitch!. This company is more specific to the business realm and offer more particular tools for professionals in businesses, Fast Pitch! makes it easier for the professionals to network using a profile displaying what they do, what they sell, and what makes their company unique (Safko 451-452). Fast Pitch! gives companies the ability to share ideas and collaborate through virtual trade shows. They do this by using live video chats or two way video calls using Skype or Voip. Fast Pitch! also gives you the ability to publish content such as press releases, news, videos, and podcasts. Fast Pitch! also has a system that automatically targets the audience the user is trying to reach ensuring that their posts are viewed by the target audience (Safko 52). Along with that feature there is tool that allows the user to gauge the success of their business using statistics of their business. Fast Pitch! is mainly for professionals in b usinesses as a marketing technique. Fast Pitch! can also be for those seeking employment. Fast Pitch! doesnt keep inactive profiles around, they delete the profiles that arent being used so there is only active profiles making searches and collaboration and just the entire network run a lot smoother. LinkedIn is another online network that businesses can utilize to gain the trust of consumers and other businesses to expand growth. This network uses a technique called degrees, connections are rated in degrees, meaning direct connections are first degree connections, users listed as connections on that users profile are second degree connections and so forth (Safko 458). There are also features on LinkedIn where users can ask questions and get answers from other users and businesses. In addition to answering those questions they can also offer resolutions and recommendations. On one account a linked in user made a profit of one hundred thousand dollars annually while spending only seven thousand annually searching through LinkedIn. Another popular form of social media is blogging, and this includes micro-blogging. Blogging is all about what you feel like you want to say. It can be from voicing your opinion to support your beliefs all the way to updating information. Blogs are read by millions of people each day and are shared with just about everybody they know depending on how relevant they think that blog is to how they feel and if it is something they feel should be shared with their community. Micro-blogging is almost the same as blogging but it is shortened to fewer than 200 characters. Micro-blogs are popular due to the fact that they are short and to the point, giving readers a full understanding in a small easy to read text. Twitter is a popular micro-blog. Twitter gives users the ability to follow other users they feel have the same connection in beliefs or just have the same general liking of certain subjects. With twitter users are able to share their current activity or state of mind with friends an d strangers (Safko 538). Twitter is majorly helpful to businesses and has been given the title word of mouth engine by Chris Winfield. Twitter is capable of updating users about the people they are following through the website, RSS feeds, mobile texts messages, or email. Twitter can also work with other social networking cites, updating users through Facebook. Twitter gives businesses a way to receive feedback about their products or services through a market with no fees. Twitter is for everyone, including entrepreneurs to fortune 500 companies. Twitter is a huge network with simple commands that keep everyone using it connected in some sort of way. When a user sees a post, he or she can share that post by reposting it on their own profile, allowing every one of their followers to see it and repost it themselves. One key example of use of twitter is when NASA found water ice on mars with the Phoenix Mars Lander; they used twitter to share the news of this new found discovery. Another account of the use of twitter in business was in February of 2010. A man by the name of Chris Hughes launched his own canvas bag company called Artifact Bag Co: In 2010, after a year of quietly following Michael Williams style bog, A Continuous Lean, Hughes spotted a tweet about of set of chairs that the blogger thought looked cool but were overpriced. Turns out, Hughes had won those exact chairs on eBay, and he commented on the post. Then he crossed his fingers, hoping Williams would take a few seconds to click through to the Artifacts website. Within an hour, Williams pivotal tweet came: This waxed canvas lunch bag is nice-looking (with a link to the item). Soon the fashion press came calling, and after the tote was featured in A Continuous Leans holiday buying guide, Hughes found himself with a more than 400-unit backlog that took six months to whittle down, even with the help of contract workers (Wang 54) This is just another small example of how quickly one tweet can help expand your business exponentially. Chris Hughes states that social media can be easily abused and only properly works if you use thought capital. Though capital includes presenting the product or services to the public in an appealing manner. This is basically how you would present the product in an online storefront, or E-commerce. Other non-traditional services one may look at for the growth of their business through social media include Ning, and online gaming. Ning is another social network but it differs from your typical idea of social network that already has a large network pre-established that you join, Ning gives the user the opportunity to design their own network on the internet and allows other users to join your private social network. Users can make their own profile for different networks, allowing a user to have a profile on more than one network all linked together. Ning allows the user to customize their own network to their specific needs, As the Ning web site puts it, the Ning platform is the software equivalent of Home Depot. Unlike other services that offer a one-size-fits all offering, your social network on Ning runs on a programmable platform (Safko 464). This ultimately gives the user full control of their personal social network. So as far as how Ning can be used, it all depends on ho w you want to implement it into your business. Anyone can use Ning and create their own social networks, such as musicians, to give fans updates and tour dates and post contests. Online gaming is a very unique and original way to reach consumers and advertise your product or services. Some may not see the potential of advertising through online gaming: Many people tend to view online video games as an activity with no business value- a waste of time in which only teenagers participate. However when you have fifty thousand to eight million people in the same place with the same interests in a trusted network, a business opportunity exists(Safko 321) If you take a look at new video games that are coming out, they advertise their new products in this particular field because their main consumers are already using their platform, or consol. Video game developers are not the only ones who can and do advertise in an online gaming environment, Barack Obama had his campaign for presidency advertised on Xbox Live, a popular online gaming network. He bought his advertising to be placed in a popular game called Burnout Paradise. With social networking your business depends on the people that you dont have a relationship established yet, meaning that the people you know the least are the people that are helping your business grow by sharing what they know about to other people they know and expanding your business growth. Yes these relationships with people you know the least can be established by the consumers and the strong relationships you have with other people, but these people already have an established connection with your business and therefore are not contributing to growth of social capital. Scott Goodson, author of Uprising states that the old way of marketing- Pitching a product to the largest possible audience through mass media- is dying. He argues that the best way to reach people is to look for topics and causes around which they are already gathering and align ones brand with those topics(Stanford Social Innovation Review 15). The way I feel about Goodsons idea is, yes it helps, but you hav e to use social media to gather this information of topics and ideas that consumers look at. Secondly in order for a business to get these topics and ideas of a new brand know to the general public, they must make their new product well known and have an honest established connection between the product/services and the consumer. This day in age, social may be the fastest way to establish a connection with those consumers that you know the least through the consumers you already have an established connection with. Social networking can exponentially help any business, large or small. Word of mouth through any sort of followers on Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn or any online blog will get your business known to millions of people in different geographical locations. Online social networking is not the only way to get your business in a social network though; traditional conferences and trade shows are still just as effective. Trade shows and conferences arent the only place you can advertise your business through word of mouth. Other places may include restaurants, a get together like a cocktail party, you can pretty much get your business into a social network through word of mouth just about anywhere you are likely to meet people. All it takes is just a little friendly talking, then those people start talking to other people whom talk to other people they know which can drastically increase business and revenue. Not only can social networking get your business name out to those customers that normally would be hard to reach out to, but it can also help someone seeking employment in businesses or help a business find applicants. Some years ago, but including today, job hunters would pour through the classified ads in the newspapers, especially on Sunday mornings, hoping to catch a glimpse of something for which they might remotely qualify (Lindsell-Roberts 43). In todays society the task of seeking employment is not as daunting, you can just do a Google search for something in your field of expertise and you will find a never ending list of businesses seeking applicants and new hires. These businesses use social networks to list openings and positions available to reach out to those who wouldnt normally have known about their business otherwise. Social networking may not be for every business as far as marketing though, many times social networking may not show any signs of helping your business. These tactics dont replace the traditional face to face kind of business, although reaching out to new customers is always good, and a lot of the time social networks are the best way to reach those outside of your geographic location. But how do those people know what kind of business you offer? This tactic involves a lot of dedication to your website or online profile including update, events, sales, offers, and customer service. With social networking your business depends on the people that you dont have a relationship established with yet, meaning that the people you know the least are the people that are helping your business grow by sharing what they know about your business, to other people they know, expanding your business growth. The relationship you have with already established consumers doesnt really help expand your social capital, these connections dont really take your business name further out to those you havent reached yet. Scott Goodson, author of Uprising states that the old way of marketing- Pitching a product to the largest possible audience through mass media- is dying. He argues that the best way to reach people is to look for topics and causes around which they are already gathering and align ones brand with those topics(Manzo 15). The way I feel about Goodsons idea is, yes it helps, but you have to use social media to gather this information of topics and ideas that consumers look at . Secondly in order for a business to get these topics and ideas of a new brand know to the general public, they must make their new product well known and have an honest established connection between the product/services and the consumer. This day in age, social may be the fastest way to establish a connection with those consumers that you know the least through the consumers you already have an established connection with. I believe social networking in businesses has already been in use, but online social networking has majorly played a key role in expanding current businesses and helping small beginner businesses start out. The social media plays a big role in consumers opinions in todays society. Most consumers read reviews that other consumers post in all of these social networks and base their opinion of these businesses off of the majority of what other consumers say about that business. That being said social networks have absolutely helped the growth and take off of many businesses. At the same time it also depends on what kind of business operation you run. Customer support is a key necessity in businesses using social networks. If you dont maintain a good rapport with your consumers then your business can build a bad reputation over a social network which can cause terrible business. For those businesses with good a rapport then this technique would be a good investment to help increase reven ue. So in conclusion social networks have helped businesses grow and establish connections between consumers and other businesses.

Who Do You Choose the Major of English to Study?

There are 1,500,000,000 people in the world speak English, and 1,000,000,000 people are learning it while 75% of the world’s letters and postcards are written in English. Despite China, the United States is still a leader in technical innovation and economic development. English is used in the United States and in each of these fields. English is the language of maritime communication and international air traffic control, and it is used even for internal air traffic control in countries where it is not a native language. Most commodities such as silver, gold, and hard currency are traded in English. Throughout the world, many professional papers are published in English. Even papers that are published in other languages often have abstracts in English. English is used in government and as a medium of communication among people who do not have another language in common. English is the language of technology, especially high technology like computer science, genetics, and medicine. If you’re going to read about technology, you’ll probably have to do it in English. We can watch international television networks, such as CNN International and NBC. They broadcast news much faster, and more professionally, than smaller, national networks, and you can watch them everywhere in the world. In terms of academic, English is the language most commonly spoken by academics worldwide. Of course, some important research and work occurs in all countries and in a variety of languages, but the vast majority tends to have been conducted, composed and published with the English language as its basis. Academics and scholars that have some knowledge of English frequently find that sharing their ideas and findings with their peers globally is more eadily facilitated by their mastery of the English language. We can communicate with foreigners easily if we can speak English. When we go abroad, it is very useful for us to compete with other people in studying, and all international conference and competitions are conducted in English, so we need to be well with English to join in order to win. It is also the major international language of communicat ion in such areas as science, technology, business and mass entrainment. English makes us more easily to travel around the world, because more than 100 countries spoken in English. We can ask for direction, have a conversation, ask for help, and who knows, maybe English will save our life someday. Tours are almost always available in English. Even in countries where few people speak English on the street, people who work with tourists generally speak English. In some countries even drivers of buses or streetcars and sellers at newsstands speak English well. English is important to get access to knowledge Today’s media such as the Internet, Television, and the press give you almost unlimited access to knowledge about your favorite subject, and it all are in English, so you need to be well with English. You can read also  Similarities and Conflicts in † a Streetcar Named Desire† That’s over billion pages of information are in English, so if you want to get any information in the internet you need to know English. On other hand, English is a language that can be used in many parts of the world since the schools nowadays are likely to have English as the first or second language or have educated people who would know the basics of English. When we study at University, we need to be well with English because all document are written in English. If we want to research new lessons or documents in internet, you need to know how to use computer, and in computer everything are in English. English document are billions, and it explains very clear, so it can improve our knowledge. We can make our computer skill more effectively when we know English, because most computer applications are in English, so we will understand them better and become better employee. Five thousand newspapers, over half of the newspapers that published in the world, are published in English. Even in many countries where English is not the main language, there is at least one newspaper in English. In India, there are three thousand magazines were published in English. English Major is study about cultures, literatures, and physiology. So we will get a lot of knowledge about cultures, literatures, and physiology of other country in Asia, Europe, the United States, etc†¦ Especially, when we’re skillful of English we can get a scholarship from school or the United Stated of America to study abroad. English is very important for job opportunity Today. All companies need their workers know at least on language, especially English. In some international companies, every person have to know English well. English is the primary language of business throughout the world. Most international business transactions, including email, memos, reports and contracts, are written in English. If we are interested in advancing in the business world, English is a key to success. Most countries in some way will do business with English speaking countries. As well, English has become the international language of business and is often used as a neutral language for business between various countries. It is now common for an engineer in Mexico to get echnical support in English from an expert in China. With English you can communicate with technicians and experts from the United States in order to help your company. You can also communicate with business people from other countries in the neutral language of English. Companies are also recognizing the value of English and now pay more for employees who can speak English. Knowing English will open the door to many new and exciting jobs in countries all over the world. As well, you will be able to obtain jobs in your own country because you can speak English. Your resume will be stronger because you are bilingual and have a knowledge of the English language. Your opportunities will be numerous when you can speak and read English. English speakers in the world earn more money than non-English speakers. Being a good writer is one of the top ten most important skills that job candidates are encouraged to have in order to be competitive in the job market. Companies are looking for good writers, and there’s no question that English majors heading out into the workforce have this skill in the bag. It’s nearly impossible to succeed as an English major without being a good writer. Moreover, students choosing this major probably really like writing. When you like something, you do it more often and the more you do something, the better you become. English majors tend to be overall successful communicators, which is why it makes sense that so many of us go on to work in media and communication. The major provides individuals with the critical thinking and public speaking skills required to excel in these positions. Even if you aren’t planning to work in communications, the argument has been made that oral communication competency is the most important skill for business students in the workplace. It may also go without saying that having keen communication skills is absolutely necessary in order to be a good manager in the workforce. Finally, Major of English have a lot of advantages for us, English give us a good job opportunity, high salary job, high position at work place, and provided us a good standard of living. In short, English is very important for me and everybody.

Acc349 Reflection Summary

Weekly Summary Love accounting! Another great week with lots of much needed information to grasp. One advantage of Activity-Based Costing system is it has more accurate overhead cost allocation because there are more cost pools, the costs in each pool are more similar, and allocation is based on activities that cause overhead costs. It is more effective overhead cost control by focusing on processes or activities and focuses on relevant factors by assigning costs to any cost object that is of interest to management.Lastly, it allows better management of activities by helping managers identify the causes of costs and the activities driving them. The disadvantages of Activity-Based Costing are its cost to implement and maintain ABC requires management commitment and financial resources and its uncertainty with decisions remain and management must interpret ABC data with caution in making managerial decisions.Cost drivers are selected based on the casual relation, benefits received and reasonableness or fairness. Most of the cost drivers are related either to the volume of production or to the complexity of the production or marketing process. An overhead rate is calculated for each cost pool using the following formula: Costs in activity cost pool/base. The base is, of course, the cost driver. Overhead costs are then allocated to each product according to how much of each base the product uses.Activity-based costing allocates overhead to multiple activity cost pools and assigns the activity cost pools to products and services by means of cost drivers. In ABC, an activity is any event, action, transaction, or work sequence that causes the incurrence of cost in producing a product or providing a service. A cost driver is any factor or activity that has a direct cause-effect relationship with the resources consumed.

Private Business Form Comparison Essay - 1345 Words

Private Business Form Comparison Introduction In the business world, many distinctions separate one firm from the next. Competition, products, services provided is not the only factors that differentiate businesses. Structure and type are another. This paper will discuss and compare the three major forms of businesses (sole proprietorship, Partnership, and C-Corporations) and provide a brief summary of these three forms. Sole Proprietorship. This form of private business ownership carries the most simplistic approach, as inherent in the name. One person assumes complete ownership of this business as well as all financial and decision-making responsibilities. It is the easiest to form as a start-up and has the least amount of legal†¦show more content†¦This same disadvantage, may also pose additional hurdles in the event the business needs to grow, because the owner’s personal credit rating may affect whether lenders will extend credit for the business operations. Banks tend to be reluctant in financing sole prop rietorships, which leaves these owners seeking assistance from other investors or relying upon personal savings, home equity, or reinvestment of company profits. Finally, the owner of the sole proprietorship is left to either rely upon his or her own skill or solicit information through consultations, because they do not likely have the requisite expertise in every aspect of their business (Kurtz Boone, 2013). Partnership. There are at least two types of partnerships: general and limited. General partnerships are virtually the same as a sole proprietorship, with the exception of additional owner(s). They are essentially sharing the unlimited liabilities of the firm. Most of the benefits and disadvantages are very similar to a sole proprietorship, except that there is also the oral or written agreement that exists between the partners (Keown, Martin, Petty, 2014). Limited partnerships are distinguished, in part, by the limited liabilities. This limitation is provided to at least on e or more of the owners, and they are shielded up to the amount of capital they invest into the business (Keown, Martin, Petty, 2014). These forms also must have a general partner, who